Table 2.

Cardiac stem cells subtypes based on antigenic characteristics.

Subtype	cKit	CD34	Sca-1	Abcg2	Wt1	CD105	GATA4	MEF2C	NKX2–5	CD166	CD45	PDGFRα	CD90	FLK1
c-Kit CSCs	+	−	+	+	−	+	+	+	±	+	−	+	±	±
Sca-1 CSCs	low	−	+		±		+	+	low		−	+		−
Side population	+	+	+	+	±		−		−		+	+
Cardiosphere-derived cells	low	+	+	+		+					+
Cardiac resident colony-forming unit-fibroblast	low		+		+	+					−	+	+	−
Isl-1pos cardiac progenitor cells	−		−				+		+
Epicardial stem cells	−		+		+

C-kit + CSCs (Beltrami et al., 2003, Ellison et al., 2013) Sca1pos CSCs (Oh et al., 2003); side population (SP) cells) (Martin et al., 2004); Cardiosphere-derived cells (Chimenti et al., 2012); cardiac resident colony-forming unit-fibroblast (cCFU-Fs) (Chong et al., 2011); and the Isl-1pos cardiac progenitor cells (Laugwitz, Moretti, Caron, Nakano, & Chien, 2008); Epicardial stem cells (Smart et al., 2011).