Table 1.

Characteristics of children in the PCHL group and the HCG.

	PCHLa N = 76 Mean (SD)	HCGb N = 38 Mean (SD)	Standardised mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (95%CI)
Age at assessment (years)	17.09 (1.45)	16.35 (1.24)	SMD = 0.57 (0.20–1.29)
Non-verbal ability	−0.28 (0.83)	0.00 (1.00)	SMD = −0.30 (−0.70 to 0.10)
	n (%)	n (%)
Female gender	37 (48.7)	13 (34.2)	OR = 0.55 (0.24–1.23)
English main language at home	70 (92.1)	36 (94.7)	OR = 1.54 (0.30–8.03)
Degree of hearing loss
Moderate	33 (43.4)	–	n/ac
Severe/Profound	43 (56.6)	–	n/a
Other disability
Cerebral palsy	2 (2.6)	0	n/a
Visual disability	2 (2.6)	0	n/a
Learning disability	13 (17.1)	1	OR = 7.69 (0.96–62.50)
None	62 (81.6)	37 (97)	OR = 8.35 (1.06–66.16)
Mother's education
Less than A level	43 (56.6)	19 (50)	OR = 1.30 (0.60–2.85)
First cochlear implant
Under age 8 years	11 (14.4)	–	n/a
After 8 years of age	3 (3.9)	–	n/a
Born in periods with UNHSd	37 (48.7)	–	n/a
PCHL confirmed ≤ 9 months	35 (46.1)	–	n/a

^aPCHL Permanent childhood hearing loss.

^bHCG Hearing comparison group.

^cNot applicable.

^dUniversal neonatal hearing screening for PCHL.