Table 1.
Characteristics of children in the PCHL group and the HCG.
| PCHLa N = 76 Mean (SD) | HCGb N = 38 Mean (SD) | Standardised mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at assessment (years) | 17.09 (1.45) | 16.35 (1.24) | SMD = 0.57 (0.20–1.29) | 
| Non-verbal ability | −0.28 (0.83) | 0.00 (1.00) | SMD = −0.30 (−0.70 to 0.10) | 
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Female gender | 37 (48.7) | 13 (34.2) | OR = 0.55 (0.24–1.23) | 
| English main language at home | 70 (92.1) | 36 (94.7) | OR = 1.54 (0.30–8.03) | 
| Degree of hearing loss | |||
| Moderate | 33 (43.4) | – | n/ac | 
| Severe/Profound | 43 (56.6) | – | n/a | 
| Other disability | |||
| Cerebral palsy | 2 (2.6) | 0 | n/a | 
| Visual disability | 2 (2.6) | 0 | n/a | 
| Learning disability | 13 (17.1) | 1 | OR = 7.69 (0.96–62.50) | 
| None | 62 (81.6) | 37 (97) | OR = 8.35 (1.06–66.16) | 
| Mother's education | |||
| Less than A level | 43 (56.6) | 19 (50) | OR = 1.30 (0.60–2.85) | 
| First cochlear implant | |||
| Under age 8 years | 11 (14.4) | – | n/a | 
| After 8 years of age | 3 (3.9) | – | n/a | 
| Born in periods with UNHSd | 37 (48.7) | – | n/a | 
| PCHL confirmed ≤ 9 months | 35 (46.1) | – | n/a | 
PCHL Permanent childhood hearing loss.
HCG Hearing comparison group.
Not applicable.
Universal neonatal hearing screening for PCHL.