Table 3.

Mean and SD SDQ parent-rated Total Difficulties and sub-scale scores for adolescents with PCHL and the HCG at Time 1 (6–10 years) and Time 2 (13–20 years).

	PCHLa								HCGb
		Time 1		Time 2						Time 1		Time 2
	n	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	SMDc 95%CI	Paireddt-test	r	n	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	SMDc 95%CI	Paireddt-test	r
Total difficulties	72	9.22	5.81	8.29	6.00	−0.16 −0.48 to 0.17	t = 1.36,df = 71,p = 0.18	0.52	37	6.49	3.73	6.22	4.95	−0.06 −0.51 to 0.39	t = 0.38,df = 36,p = 0.71	0.54
Emotional Symptoms	72	1.67	1.70	1.92	1.95	+0.14 −0.19 to 0.46	t = 1.05,df = 71,p = 0.30	0.40	37	1.54	1.68	1.30	1.61	−0.15 −0.60 to 0.31	t = 0.81,df = 36,p = 0.42	0.39
Conduct Problems	72	1.60	1.62	1.21	1.36	−0.26 −0.59 to 0.07	t = 1.86,df = 71,p = 0.08	0.24	37	0.86	0.95	1.03	1.28	+0.15 −0.31 to 0.61	t = 0.76,df = 36,p = 0.45	0.35
Hyperactivity	72	4.43	3.12	3.24	2.59	−0.42 −0.74 to −0.08	t = 3.66,df = 71,p < 0.001	0.54	37	3.03	2.24	2.59	2.17	−0.20 −0.66 to 0.26	t = 1.15,df = 36,p = 0.26	0.47
Peer problems	72	1.53	1.76	1.93	1.77	+0.23 −0.10 to 0.55	t = 1.91,df = 71,p = 0.06	0.49	37	1.05	1.60	1.30	1.85	+0.14 −0.31 to 0.60	t = 0.81,df = 36,p = 0.42	0.45
Prosocial behaviour	72	7.58	2.38	8.43	2.19	+0.37 0.04 to 0.70	t = 3.42,df = 71,p = 0.001	0.58	37	8.38	1.42	7.89	1.47	−0.34 −0.80 to 0.12	t = 2.64,df = 36p = 0.01	0.70

^aPCHL Permanent childhood hearing loss.

^bHCG Hearing comparison group.

^cBased on means and SD; this gives a smaller effect size and wider confidence intervals than those derived from the value of t in the paired-test (Dunlap et al., 1996).

^dp values based on bootstrapping with 1000 iterations.