Table 1.
Patient and Provider Demographics
| Patient Baseline Demographics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Number of Patients (n=547) (%) | |
| Age in years, mean | 60 (range 19–95) | |
| Female/male | 290/257 (53.0/47.0) | |
| Racea | ||
| White | 324 (59.0) | |
| Black or African American | 164 (30.0) | |
| Asian | 25 (4.5) | |
| Unknown | 25 (4.5) | |
| More than one race/ other | 13 (2.3) | |
| American Indian/ Alaskan Native/ Native Hawaiian | 3 (0.005) | |
| Ethnicitya | ||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 319 (58.0) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 20 (3.6) | |
| Not Answered/ Unknown | 201 (36.7) | |
| Most Prevalent Diseases | ||
| Hypertension | 277 (50.6) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 275 (50.0) | |
| Mechanical Joint Disorders | 111 (20.0) | |
| GERD | 105 (19.0) | |
| Obesity | 105 (19.0) | |
| Coronary Artery Disorder (Arteriosclerosis) | 87 (15.9) | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 69 (12.6) | |
| Hypothyroidism | 67 (12.2) | |
| Sleep Apnea | 65 (11.8) | |
| Most Prevalent Medications (at Study Enrollment) | ||
| Aspirin | 237 (43.3) | |
| Atorvastatin | 134 (24.5) | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 104 (19.0) | |
| Lisinopril | 89 (16.3) | |
| Amlodipine | 86 (15.7) | |
| Levothyroxine | 78 (14.3) | |
| Metoprolol | 68 (12.4) | |
| Fluticasone Propionate | 59 (10.8) | |
| Acetaminophen | 55 (10.3) | |
| Visits by Specialty (number of providers) | Number Clinic Visits | Number Patients Seen |
| Primary Care (7) | 1359 | 267 |
| Cardiology (2) | 449 | 138 |
| Oncology (3) | 208 | 60 |
| Gastroenterology (1) | 107 | 53 |
| Executive Health (1) | 49 | 24 |
| Nephrology (1) | 52 | 20 |
| Hepatology (1) | 25 | 22 |
| Pulmonology (1) | 30 | 10 |
| Total (17) | 2279 | 594b |
| Provider Baseline Demographics | ||
| Characteristic | Number of Providers (n=17) (%) | |
| Female/male | 7/10 (41.2/58.8) | |
| Years in practice, mean | 21.4 (range 3–46) | |
| Patients seen per clinic, mean | 9.1 (range 6–16) | |
| Ordered a PGx test in the preceding six monthsc | 5 (29.4) | |
| PGx impacted prescribing in the preceding six monthsc | ||
| Never | 11 (64.7) | |
| Almost never | 2 (11.8) | |
| Sometimes | 3 (17.6) | |
| Frequently | 1 (5.9) | |
| Almost always | 0 (0.0) | |
| “How informed do you feel about PGx?”d | ||
| Very well informed | 2 (11.8) | |
| Somewhat informed | 8 (47.0) | |
| Somewhat under-informed | 5 (29.4) | |
| Very under-informed | 2 (11.8) | |
| “I believe there is insufficient PGx information for most drugs”d | ||
| Agree strongly | 6 (35.3) | |
| Agree somewhat | 7 (41.2) | |
| Not sure | 1 (5.9) | |
| Disagree somewhat | 3 (17.6) | |
| Disagree strongly | 0 (0.0) | |
| “PGx evidence is relevant to prescribing decisions for most of my patients”d | ||
| Agree strongly | 2 (11.8) | |
| Agree somewhat | 4 (23.5) | |
| Not sure | 6 (35.3) | |
| Disagree somewhat | 3 (17.6) | |
| Disagree strongly | 2 (11.8) | |
a
Race and ethnicity were self-reported by patients.
b
The total number of patients seen across the various specialties includes 47 patients with visits to multiple providers. For example, a patient with a visit to a primary care physician as well as a cardiologist was counted separately in each specialty.
c
Prior to participating in this study.
d
Opinions of pharmacogenomics from each provider were assessed before joining the study.
PGx = pharmacogenomics