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. 2017 Oct 11;7:12956. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13509-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Vespa velutina gyne sex pheromone is produced in glands within the sixth intersegmental sternal cuticle. Intersegmental sternal (S) and tergal (T) glands were rubbed with thin filter paper strips to obtain the extracts. VG indicates venom gland extract. Means and standard errors are shown. (A) The number of males landing in responses to extracts from major body parts. Only the abdomen was significantly attractive. (B) The number of males landing in response to extracts from abdominal glands at different locations (venom gland = VG). Region S6 elicited significantly higher male attraction than extracts from all other locations (***P < 0.001, Sequential Bonferroni corrected). (C) Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of males to these extracts. Different letters indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD: P < 0.05). Sample sizes are given in Table S1.