Figure 1.

Results from dose dependence assays. A. Response traces for mice at baseline and five days after the administration of 50 µL of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 µM LL-37 intravesically. B. The referred pain response observed at 1g stimulation to the lower abdomen. C. A linear regression of the pain response at 1.0 g of stimulation for escalating doses of LL-37. The solid line on the graph is the least squares regression line for the data, R²=0.84, while the dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval. The line is statistically significant with respect to the null hypothesis that there is no correlation between the dose of LL-37 and the pain response in the animals, P=0.004. D. Images of the gross anatomy at 10 × magnification and H&E stained tissue sections taken at 200 × magnification. Pain response increased as the LL-37 dose increased. *** indicates a P<0.001 with respect to baseline. Respectively, †††, †† indicate a P<0.001 and P<0.005 with respect to 0 µM LL-37. Respectively, ‡‡‡, ‡ indicate a P<0.001 and P<0.05 with respect to 10 µM LL-37. ••• indicates a P<0.001 with respect to 20 µM LL-37. □□□ indicates a P<0.001 with respect to 40 µM LL-37. The white scale bars in images of gross anatomy are 500 µm and the black scale bars in histology images are 50 µm. LU, lumen of the bladder. U, urothelium. SM, submucosa. LP, lamina propria. BSM, bladder smooth muscle layer.