Table 1.

Participants encountered three standardized problem scenarios during the final assessment

Problem scenario	Cause	Symptoms	Timing	Correct steps
(1) Insufflator malfunction	Gas tank closed upon start	- Alarm insufflator (auditory)	From start	- Check insufflator
				- Check gas tank
		- Loss of pneumoperitoneum		- Check gas tubes
		- Insufflator gas bar empty		- Check trocar position and valves
(2) Electro-surgery malfunction	Patient grounding plate not fit	- Alarm (auditory)	From start electrocoagulation task (±3 min)	- Check display electrosurgical unit
				- Check cables
		- Electrocoagulation failure		- Check patient grounding plate
(3) Pulse saturation change	Pulse oximeter malfunction	- Auditory pulse signal fails to appear	Simultaneous with scenario #2	- Check anesthesia monitor
		- Flat line anesthesia monitor		- Check pulse oximeter