Figure 1.
Cytotoxic effects and G0/G1-phase arrest resulting from GA treatment in sarcoma cells. (a) The antiproliferative effect of GA on sarcoma cell lines was determined by MTT. Cells were treated with various concentrations of GA for 24, 48, and 72 h. Control group contained 0.1% DMSO. Data represented the mean of five replicates. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. (b) Colony formation assay of HOS and HT1080 cells with control or GA. Cells were treated with GA at varying concentrations for ∼14 days when the cells grew to visible colonies. (c) GA inhibited sarcoma cell invasion in transwell assay. The bottom chambers of the transwells were filled with 600 μl DMEM containing various growth factors, whereas the top chambers were seeded with 4 × 104 sarcoma cells in DMEM and treated with different concentrations of GA for 24 h. Cells that migrated through the membrane were stained. Number of migrating cells was counted. *P<0.05, significantly different compared with control. (d) GA induced G0/G1-phase arrest. Cells were treated with control or GA for 24 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of cell cycle distribution was presented as the mean±S.D. from three independent experiments. (e) HOS and HT1080 cells were treated with GA for 24 h. The expressions of cell cycle-regulated proteins were measured by western blot. *P<0.05, significantly different compared with control