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Shown is a highly simplified version of two types of stress response, exemplified by the sigma E (blue) and Cpx (red) responses to cell envelope stress. In both cases, and for many other stresses, induced genes of the regulons encode functions involved in damage repair or avoidance, while repressed genes, whether directly or indirectly (for instance, via sRNAs) repressed, encode the key processes the stress response must protect.
