Table 1.

Child demographics.

	Cocaine (n = 189)		Non-cocaine (n = 183)		p
	M	SD	M	SD
Gestational age	37.81	2.86	38.46	2.86	0.03
Hobel neonatal risk score	7.49	16.55	5.83	15.80	0.32
Birth length (cm)*	47.32	3.97	49.14	3.73	<0.0001
Head circumference (cm)*	32.29	2.15	33.48	2.38	<0.0001
Birth weight (grams)*	2712	649	3106	700	<0.0001
Male, n (%)	85	44.97	89	48.63	0.48
African-American, n (%)	155	82.01	147	80.33	0.68
Head circumference < 10th%, n (%)	28	15.05	8	4.42	0.0006
Adopted/foster care at 12 years, n (%)	45	26.63	7	4.14	<0.0001
Adopted/foster care at 15 years, n (%)	47	27.01	6	3.49	<0.0001
2 years and/or 4 years lead levela	7.00	4.13	8.02	4.60	0.04
IQ at 11 years	81.39	11.67	83.82	14.41	0.07
Violence exposure at 12 years	0.63	0.76	0.57	0.80	0.50
Early (age ≤ 12) drug use, n (%)	61	33.15	57	32.20	0.85
Age at assessment 12 years	12.07	0.27	12.11	0.24	0.18
Age at assessment 15 years	15.67	0.24	15.68	0.29	0.77

^*p-value is adjusted for prematurity.

^aSub-sample size of lead is 290, included 147 CE and 143 NCE.