Table 3. All Secondary Outcome Measures for the Brief Intervention Group vs the Assessed Control Group at 3, 6, and 12 Monthsa.
| Brief Intervention Group | Assessed Control Group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 239)b | At 3 mo (n = 192) | At 6 mo (n = 188) | At 12 mo (n = 165) | Baseline (n = 232)b | At 3 mo (n = 179) | At 6 mo (n = 176) | At 12 mo (n = 165) | |
| Composite Abuse Scalec | ||||||||
| Overall score, mean (95% CI) | 12.7 (10.3-15.0) | 12.2 (9.5-14.9) | 7.6 (5.5-9.6) | 7.3 (5.2-9.4) | 15.9 (13.0-18.8) | 12.6 (9.8-15.5) | 8.6 (6.5-10.6) | 11.1 (7.9-14.3) |
| Physical, No. (%) | 70 (29.3) | 61 (31.8) | 34 (18.1) | 33 (20.0) | 84 (36.4) | 57 (29.7) | 42 (24.3) | 38 (23.2) |
| Emotional, No. (%) | 179 (74.9) | 122 (63.5) | 94 (50.0) | 82 (49.7) | 186 (80.5) | 114 (63.7) | 95 (54.9) | 86 (52.4) |
| Stalking, No. (%) | 81 (33.9) | 70 (36.5) | 59 (31.4) | 44 (26.7) | 80 (34.6) | 65 (36.3) | 53 (30.6) | 44 (26.8) |
| Severe combined abuse, No. (%) | 53 (22.2) | 50 (26.0) | 25 (13.3) | 17 (10.3) | 51 (22.0) | 40 (22.3) | 22 (12.7) | 24 (14.6) |
| Timeline Follow-Backd | ||||||||
| Drinking frequency | ||||||||
| Days/mo, % (95% CI) | 27.0 (24.0-30.3) | 26.4 (22.5-30.3) | 23.3 (19.0-27.0) | 20.0 (17.0-24.0) | 26.8 (23.3-30.3) | 26.3 (22.0-30.0) | 26.4 (22.0-31.0) | 21.4 (18.0-25.0) |
| Days/wk, mean (95% CI) | 1.9 (1.7-2.0) | 1.8 (1.6-2.1) | 1.6 (1.4-1.9) | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | 1.9 (1.7-2.1) | 1.8 (1.6-2.1) | 1.90 (1.57-2.14) | 1.5 (1.2-1.8) |
| No. of drinks/d, mean (95% CI) | 1.1 (0.9-1.1) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.7 (0.5-0.8) | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.7-1.2) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) |
| Heavy alcohol consumption (≥4 drinks/d), mean (95% CI), d | 3.0 (2.5-3.6) | 3.1 (2.3-3.9) | 2.2 (1.5-2.8) | 2.3 (1.5-3.0) | 3.4 (2.7-3.8) | 3.1 (2.2-4.0) | 2.0 (1.4-2.5) | 2.2 (1.5-2.9) |
| Quality of Life (QOL) Scale, Mean (95% CI)e | ||||||||
| How would you rate your QOL? | 2.3 (2.2-2.4) | 2.2 (2.1-2.4) | 2.1 (2.0-2.3) | 2.2 (2.1-2.3) | 2.3 (2.2-2.5) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) | 2.2 (2.0-2.3) | 2.2 (2.0-2.3) |
| How much do you enjoy life? | 2.3 (2.2-2.5) | 2.3 (2.2-2.4) | 2.3 (2.1-2.4) | 2.2 (2.0-2.4) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) | 2.3 (2.1-2.5) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) |
| How safe do you feel in your daily life? | 2.2 (2.1-2.3) | 2.1 (2.0-2.3)f | 2.1 (2.0-2.3) | 2.1 (1.9-2.2) | 2.2 (2.1-2.3) | 2.3 (2.2-2.5)f | 2.2 (2.0-2.3) | 2.2 (2.1-2.4) |
| Self-Rated Health | ||||||||
| How would you say your health has been? mean (95% CI)g | 3.2 (3.0-3.3) | 3.0 (2.8-3.1) | 2.8 (2.6-2.9)h | 2.9 (2.7-3.1) | 3.4 (3.3-3.6) | 3.2 (3.1-3.4) | 3.1 (2.9-3.3)h | 3.0 (2.8-3.2) |
| Relationship Satisfaction Scale score, mean (95% CI)i | 3.2 (3.0-3.4) | 3.2 (3.0-3.5) | 3.6 (3.3-3.8)j | 3.3 (3.1-3.6) | 3.0 (2.8-3.2) | 2.9 (2.6-3.1) | 3.2 (2.9-3.4)j | 3.4 (3.1-3.6) |
| Exercise frequency, mean (95% CI), d/wk | 3.1 (2.8-3.4) | 3.2 (2.8-3.5) | 2.8 (2.5-3.1) | 3.2 (2.8-3.5) | 3.0 (2.7-3.4) | 3.2 (2.8-3.6) | 3.0 (2.7-3.5) | 3.2 (2.9-3.7) |
| Amount of sleep, mean (95% CI), h/night | 5.6 (5.4-5.9) | 5.8 (5.5-6.0) | 5.7 (5.5-6.0) | 6.0 (5.7-6.3) | 5.5 (5.2-5.7) | 5.8 (5.5-6.1) | 5.9 (5.6-6.2) | 5.8 (5.6-6.1) |
| Smoke cigarettes, No. (%) | 135 (56.7) | 98 (51.0) | 96 (51.1) | 79 (47.9) | 144 (62.3) | 101 (56.4) | 102 (58.0) | 89 (53.9) |
| Self-efficacyk | ||||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 30.5 (29.8-32.0) | 31.9 (30.6-33.2) | 31.7 (30.3-33.4) | 31.4 (30.4-32.4) | 29.6 (28.9-31.3) | 29.8 (28.4-31.3) | 29.7 (28.7-30.7) | 30.3 (29.4-31.3) |
| Median (IQR) | 30 (27-35) | 32 (28-36) | 31 (27-36) | 32 (28-36) | 30 (26-34) | 30 (25-34) | 30 (26-35) | 31 (26-36) |
| Readiness to Change Scalel | ||||||||
| Drinking | ||||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 4.1 (3.6-4.6) | 4.4 (3.9-5.0)m | 4.3 (3.7-4.9) | 4.6 (3.9-5.2) | 4.3 (3.9-4.8) | 3.5 (2.9-4.0)m | 3.9 (3.3-4.4) | 3.9 (3.2-4.5) |
| Median (IQR) | 5 (0-8) | 5 (0-8) | 5 (0-8) | 5 (0-8) | 5 (1-8) | 2 (0-8) | 3 (0-8) | 2 (0-8) |
| Relationship | ||||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 5.9 (5.5-6.3) | 5.8 (5.3-6.4) | 6.0 (5.5-6.5) | 5.9 (5.3-6.5) | 6.0 (5.6-6.4) | 5.5 (5.1-6.0) | 5.6 (5.1-6.1) | 6.0 (5.5-6.6) |
| Median (IQR) | 6 (5-8) | 8 (2-8) | 8 (2-9) | 8 (2-10) | 6 (5-8) | 5 (2-8) | 5 (2-8) | 8 (4-10) |
| Social Support, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Do you have someone to talk to about any problem? | 196 (83.1) | 170 (89.5) | 165 (87.8) | 146 (88.5) | 193 (83.9) | 154 (86.0) | 150 (85.2) | 140 (84.9) |
| Stay with if needed? | 188 (81.0) | 157 (82.6) | 160 (85.6)n | 141 (85.5)n | 174 (75.7) | 138 (77.1) | 136 (77.3)n | 125 (75.8)n |
| Borrow money from if needed? | 172 (74.1) | 145 (75.6) | 145 (77.5)o | 127 (80.0)o | 149 (65.1) | 124 (69.7) | 115 (65.0)o | 107 (65.6)o |
| Engagement With Services, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Any | 35 (14.6) | 28 (14.6) | 26 (13.9) | 13 (8.0) | 44 (19.1) | 26 (14.5) | 22 (12.6) | 20 (12.2) |
| Police or courts for family violence | 18 (7.5) | 12 (6.3) | 11 (5.9) | 5 (3.0) | 20 (8.7) | 13 (7.3) | 11 (6.3) | 9 (5.6) |
| Domestic violence | 10 (4.2) | 15 (7.8) | 9 (4.8) | 4 (2.4) | 23 (10.0) | 9 (5.0) | 7 (4.0) | 10 (6.1) |
| Alcohol or drug | 11 (4.6) | 13 (6.8) | 12 (6.4) | 6 (3.6) | 13 (5.7) | 10 (5.6) | 7 (4.0) | 6 (3.6) |
| Engagement With Treatment, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Any | 161 (67.7) | 132 (69.4) | 121 (64.7) | 107 (64.8) | 169 (73.2) | 120 (67.0) | 117 (66.5) | 122 (73.9) |
| Medical | 149 (62.6) | 117 (60.9) | 112 (60.2) | 97 (58.8) | 160 (69.3) | 109 (61.0) | 104 (59.1) | 114 (69.1) |
| Mental health | 40 (17.2) | 37 (19.4) | 30 (16.0) | 33 (20.1) | 49 (21.4) | 39 (22.0) | 39 (22.3) | 38 (23.0) |
| Drugs or alcohol | 12 (5.2) | 14 (7.3) | 7 (3.8) | 10 (6.1) | 9 (3.9) | 12 (6.7) | 11 (6.3) | 8 (4.9) |
| Family problems | 16 (7.7) | 13 (6.9) | 12 (6.4) | 8 (4.8) | 18 (8.2) | 9 (5.3) | 15 (8.7) | 12 (7.4) |
| Taken steps to obtain safetyp | 55 (29.0) | 45 (24.2) | 53 (32.1) | 58 (32.6) | 51 (29.5) | 47 (28.5) | ||
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
In creating composite variables, only those women who had at least 80% of nonmissing data for the individual items obtained a value for the composite variable. Otherwise, the composite score for the woman was set to missing.
The baseline value of the outcome variable was included in the model as a covariate.
Contains 30 questions (score range: 0-150). Specific individual items were used to determine if the results indicate the presence of physical, emotional, stalking, or severe combined abuse.
Data are collected using a calendar to record the number of drinks each day for the past month (28 days).
For the question regarding QOL, a score of 1 indicates very good and 5 indicates very poor. For the question regarding enjoyment of life, a score of 1 indicates extremely and 5 not at all. For the question regarding feelings of safety, a score of 1 indicates extremely and 5 not at all.
P = .03 at 3 months controlling for baseline. Calculated using analysis of variance.
A score of 1 indicates excellent and 5 indicates poor.
P = .006 at 6 months controlling for baseline. Calculated using analysis of variance.
This is 1 representative item from the Dynamic Relationship Scale (score range: 0, extremely unhappy; 6, extremely happy).
P = .03 at 6 months controlling for baseline. Calculated using analysis of variance.
The Self-Efficacy Scale scores range from 10 to 40; greater scores indicate greater levels of self-efficacy.
Measures readiness to make changes on a scale from 0 (okay with changes) to 10 (maintaining changes made).
P = .004 at 3 months controlling for baseline. Calculated using analysis of variance.
P = .04 at 6 months and P = .01 at 12 months (both controlling for baseline). Calculated using the χ2 test.
P = .02 at 6 months and P = .03 at 12 months (both controlling for baseline). Calculated using the χ2 test.
Captured with a binary and the following questions: “Have you taken any steps in the past 3 months to increase your safety? What are they?” These questions were only asked at the 3 follow-up time points and not at baseline.