Table 1.

Definition used in this study

Type of malaria	Description
Clinically diagnosed case	An individual with malaria-related symptoms (fever [axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C], chills, severe malaise, headache, or vomiting) at the time of examination but detected negative using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests.
Laboratory diagnosed case	A clinical case confirmed by microscopy or polymerase chain reaction or rapid diagnostic tests in the laboratory.
Indigenous case	Malaria acquired by mosquito transmission in an area within China.
Imported case	Patient acquired illness from a known malaria-prevalent region outside of China.
Relapsing	Relapses caused by the reactivation of dormant liver-stage parasites (hypnozoites) of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale.
Death from malaria	Patient with signs and symptoms of complicated malaria, with confirmed diagnose of Plasmodium falciparum (or P. vivax) or associated infection.