Table 2.
Characteristics of housing and housing materials of recent migrants by Chagas disease status
| Trypanosoma cruzi | Trypanosoma cruzi | P value§ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | ||
| (N = 377) | (N = 12) | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Childhood home | |||
| Type of place of birth (ranch/farm/village/town vs. city) | 222 (59) | 11 (92) | 0.02 |
| Seen triatomine in house? | 184 (50) | 6 (50) | 0.97 |
| Animals in/near home? | 321 (85) | 9 (75) | 0.34 |
| Roof (select all) | |||
| Thatched (straw, palm) | 32 (9) | 0 (0) | 0.29 |
| Wood | 7 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.63 |
| Cement | 40 (11) | 0 (0) | 0.23 |
| Metal (tin, iron, steel) | 229 (61) | 8 (67) | 0.68 |
| Tile (clay, shingles) | 76 (20) | 4 (33) | 0.27 |
| Makeshift (none, nylon, plastic, cardboard) | 1 (< 1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Walls (select all) | |||
| Natural (bamboo, adobe, dirt, palm) | 124 (33) | 4 (33) | 0.97 |
| Wood | 64 (17) | 5 (42) | 0.03 |
| Makeshift (none, nylon, plastic) | 8 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.61 |
| Cinderblock | 141 (37) | 3 (25) | 0.38 |
| Metal (aluminum) | 8 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.61 |
| Durable (cement, brick, drywall, rock) | 71 (19) | 1 (8) | 0.36 |
| Floor (select all) | |||
| Wood | 5 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Durable (cement, brick, granite, rock) | 167 (44) | 4 (33) | 0.45 |
| Metal (iron) | – | – | |
| Tile | 67 (18) | 1 (8) | 0.40 |
| Makeshift (dirt, outdoors, cardboard) | 152 (40) | 8 (67) | 0.07 |
| Recent housing, past 6 months | |||
| Seen triatomine in places slept/stayed? | 79 (21) | 3 (25) | 0.74 |
| Animals in/near places slept/stayed? | 227 (60) | 9 (75) | 0.30 |
| Ever homeless, past 6 months | 145 (39) | 4 (33) | 0.72 |
| Roof (select all) | |||
| Thatched (straw, palm) | 27 (7) | 2 (17) | 0.22 |
| Wood | 29 (8) | 1 (8) | 0.94 |
| Cement | 137 (37) | 4 (33) | 0.82 |
| Metal (tin, iron, steel) | 247 (66) | 9 (75) | 0.51 |
| Tile (clay, shingles) | 32 (9) | 1 (8) | 0.98 |
| Makeshift (none, nylon, plastic, cardboard) | 31 (8) | 4 (33) | < 0.01 |
| Walls (select all) | |||
| Natural (bamboo, adobe, dirt, palm) | 58 (16) | 1 (8) | 0.50 |
| Wood | 39 (10) | 2 (17) | 0.49 |
| Makeshift (none, nylon, plastic) | 48 (13) | 4 (42) | < 0.01 |
| Cinderblock | 237 (63) | 11 (92) | 0.04 |
| Metal (aluminum) | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Durable (cement, brick, drywall, rock) | 133 (36) | 2 (17) | 0.18 |
| Floor (select all) | |||
| Wood | 11 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.55 |
| Durable (cement, brick, granite, rock) | 267 (71) | 9 (75) | 0.76 |
| Metal (iron) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Tile | 116 (31) | 3 (25) | 0.67 |
| Makeshift (dirt, outdoors, cardboard) | 80 (21) | 6 (50) | 0.02 |
Items in bold are significant at P < 0.05.
§
P-values are based on chi-square tests, non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests or Fisher’s Exact test.