Table 1.
Sociodemographic, risk behaviors and prevalence results stratified by sex in 12 Brazilian prisons (N = 3,363)
| Sex, N (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Man, N = 2,845 | Women, N = 518 | P value |
| Lifetime syphilis | 268/2,845 (9.4) | 88/518 (17) | < 0.01 |
| Active syphilis | 58/2,845 (2) | 46/518 (9) | < 0.01 |
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 32 ± 10 | 32 ± 10 | 0.36 |
| Old age and stable sexual partner | 156/2,845 (5) | 49/518 (9) | < 0.01 |
| Low income | 393/2,845 (14) | 71/518 (14) | 0.94 |
| Marital status, single | 1,522/2,840 (53) | 332/506 (65) | < 0.01 |
| Ethnicity | < 0.01 | ||
| White | 912/2,747 (33) | 137/470 (29) | |
| Mixed | 1,366/2,747 (50) | 283/470 (60) | |
| Black | 370/2,747 (13) | 34/470 (7) | |
| Indigenous | 37/2,747 (1) | 4/470 (1) | |
| Asian | 62/2,747 (2) | 12/470 (2) | |
| Reside in MS | 1,889/2,845 (66) | 277/518 (53) | < 0.01 |
| Illiterate | 1,195/2,749 (43) | 282/514 (55) | < 0.01 |
| Drug history | |||
| Drug use over the last year | 1,543/2,845 (54) | 199/518 (38) | < 0.01 |
| IDU over the last year | 26/2,769 (1) | 5/503 (1) | 0.90 |
| Ever shared needles/syringes | 79/2,845 (3) | 28/516 (5) | 0.49 |
| Sexual history | |||
| Sexual preference, homosexual | 48/2,845 (2) | 58/509 (11) | < 0.01 |
| Previously had homosexual intercourse | 154/2,782 (5) | 125/474 (26) | < 0.01 |
| Sex with a drug use | 958/2,845 (34) | 256/516 (50) | < 0.01 |
| Sex with an IDU | 82/2,642 (3) | 30/494 (6) | < 0.01 |
| No stable partner (more than five in last year) | 1,414/2,845 (49) | 277/518 (53) | < 0.01 |
| Sexual partner with HIV, hepatitis or syphilis | 90/2,828 (3) | 33/515 (6) | < 0.01 |
| HIV positive | 44/2,845 (1.6) | 10/518 (1.9) | 0.56 |
| Urethral discharge | 129/2,811 (4.5) | 177/497 (35.6) | < 0.01 |
| Warts in the genital region | 87/2,837 (3) | 21/515 (4) | 0.23 |
| Genital ulcer disease | 64/2,838 (2.2) | 11/517 (2.1) | 0.85 |
| Condom use | 0.35 | ||
| Always | 959/2,845 (34) | 162/513 (31) | |
| Sometimes/never | 1,891/2,845 (66) | 351/513 (68) | |
| Other risk behavior | |||
| History of STI(s) | 342/2,703 (13) | 51/508 (10) | 0.09 |
| Blood transfusion | 353/2,811 (12) | 59/516 (11) | 0.47 |
| Tattoos | 1,915/2,845 (67) | 324/518 (62) | 0.03 |
| Piercings | 192/2,821 (7) | 186/517 (36) | 0.01 |
| Shared objects | 1,026/2,845 (36) | 268/518 (52) | 0.01 |
| Surgery | 1,119/2,840 (39) | 328/515 (64) | 0.01 |
| Mental illness | 1,150/2,766 (41) | 271/517 (52) | 0.01 |
| Prison | |||
| Previous incarceration | 1,758/2,836 (62) | 207/517 (40) | 0.01 |
| Time in prison, months, mean ± SD | 20 ± 27 | 12 ± 12 | < 0.01 |
| Reason for admission | < 0.01 | ||
| Drug trafficking | 1,142/2,360 (48) | 383/437 (88) | |
| Theft | 741/2,360 (31) | 30/437 (7) | |
| Homicide | 324/2,360 (14) | 14/437 (3) | |
| Sexual abuse | 64/2,360 (3) | 1/437 (0) | |
| Penal institution | |||
| EPFCAJG | 81/518 (16) | ||
| EPFTL | 76/518 (15) | ||
| EPFPP | 94/518 (18) | ||
| EPFIIZ | 268/518 (52) | ||
| EPC | 263/2,845 (9) | ||
| PTL | 263/2,845 (9) | ||
| EPRB | 252/2,845 (9) | ||
| CTAL | 116/2,853 (4) | ||
| PTCG | 286/2,845 (10) | ||
| IPCG | 517/2,845 (18) | ||
| EPJFC | 604/2,845 (21) | ||
| PHAC | 539/2,845 (19) | ||
CTAL = Centro de Triagem Anízio Lima; EPC = Estabelecimento Penal de Corumbá; EPFCAJG = Estabelecimento Penal Feminino Carlos Alberto Jonas Giordano; EPFIIZ = Estabelecimento Penal Feminino Irmã Irma Zorzi; EPFPP = Estabelecimento Penal Feminino de Ponta Porã; EPJFC = Estabelecimento Penal Jair Ferreira de Carvalho; EPFTL = Estabelecimento Penal Feminino de Três Lagoas; EPRB = Estabelecimento Penal Ricardo Brandão; IDU = intravenous drug user; IPCG = Instituto Penal de Campo Grande; PHAC = Penitenciária Harry Amorim Costa; PTL = Penitenciária de Três Lagoas; PTCG = Presídio de Transito de Campo Grande; STI = sexually transmitted infection.