Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Survival Status
| Alive* | Dead* | p-value# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic+ | N=3316 | N=528 | ||
| Age (year) | 34 (10, 99) | 42 (10, 95) | < 0.0001 | |
| Male | No | 1125 (33.9%) | 154 (29.2%) | 0.035 |
| Yes | 2191 (66.1%) | 374 (70.8%) | ||
| Race | Black | 101 (3%) | 15 (2.8%) | 0.527 |
| Asian | 38 (1.1%) | 5 (0.9%) | ||
| American Indian/Alaska Nat. | 239 (7.2%) | 27 (5.1%) | ||
| White | 2548 (76.8%) | 405 (76.7%) | ||
| Other | 360 (10.9%) | 61 (11.6%) | ||
| Unknown | 30 (0.9%) | 15 (2.8%) | ||
| Hispanic | No | 2443 (73.7%) | 376 (71.2%) | 0.997 |
| Yes | 785 (23.7%) | 120 (22.7%) | ||
| Unknown | 88 (2.7%) | 32 (6.1%) | ||
| Payer | Private Insurance | 1291 (38.9%) | 139 (26.3%) | < 0.0001 |
| AHCCCS^/Medicaid | 987 (29.8%) | 136 (25.8%) | ||
| Medicare | 356 (10.7%) | 85 (16.1%) | ||
| Self Pay | 497 (15%) | 115 (21.8%) | ||
| Other | 151 (4.6%) | 25 (4.7%) | ||
| Unknown | 34 (1%) | 28 (5.3%) | ||
| Trauma Type | Blunt | 3196 (96.4%) | 392 (74.2%) | < 0.0001 |
| Penetrating | 120 (3.6%) | 136 (25.8%) | ||
| Head Region Severity Score (ICD&) | 1–3 | 2060 (62.1%) | 40 (7.6%) | < 0.0001 |
| 4 | 883 (26.6%) | 53 (10%) | ||
| 5, 6 | 331 (10%) | 425 (80.5%) | ||
| Unknown | 42 (1.3%) | 10 (1.9%) | ||
| Injury Severity Score (ICD) | 1–14 | 1317 (39.7%) | 5 (0.9%) | < 0.0001 |
| 16–24 | 1038 (31.3%) | 19 (3.6%) | ||
| 25+ | 961 (29%) | 504 (95.5%) | ||
| Prehospital minimum SBP (mmHg) | 107 (40, 119) | 92 (40, 119) | < 0.0001 | |
| Prehospital hypoxia | No | 2886 (87%) | 274 (51.9%) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 282 (8.5%) | 162 (30.7%) | ||
| Unknown | 148 (4.5%) | 92 (17.4%) | ||
| Prehospital intubation | No | 2863 (86.3%) | 202 (38.3%) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 453 (13.7%) | 326 (61.7%) | ||
*
Median (min, max) for continuous variables and count (percentage) for categorical variables
#
Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables
&
International Classification of Diseases-Version 9
+
Trauma center was also highly significant (not shown; p < 0.0001)
^
Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System