Table 3. Changes in the cardiorespiratory variables and energy cost of running, measured during the HILL condition of the modules.

	Module	Mean ± SD	95% CI	% change	p-value	${\mathrm{\eta }}_p^2$
$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ (mL kg−1 min−1)	1	47.4 ± 6.7	41.8 ± 52.9		0.067	0.283L
	2	43.9 ± 9.8	37.0 ± 50.9	−7.5
	3	42.9 ± 9.8	34.6 ± 51.1	−9.9
	4	42.5 ± 11.5	33.0 ± 52.1	−10.9
${\dot{\mathrm{V}}}_{\mathrm{E}}$ (L min−1)	1	80.1 ± 14.2	68.2 ± 92.0		0.214	0.188L
	2	73.3 ± 14.9	60.9 ± 85.7	−8.0
	3	73.4 ± 14.1	61.6 ± 85.2	−7.6
	4	73.0 ± 17.7	58.2 ± 87.9	−8.1
${\dot{\mathrm{V}}}_{\mathrm{E}}:\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$	1	24.0 ± 2.0	22.3 ± 25.7		0.382	0.133M
	2	23.9 ± 2.6	21.7 ± 26.1	−0.4
	3	24.9 ± 3.3	22.1 ± 27.6	+3.4
	4	24.8 ± 2.0	23.1 ± 26.5	+3.7
RER	1	1.01 ± 0.07	0.95 ± 1.06		0.013*	0.396L
	2	0.96 ± 0.08	0.89 ± 1.02	−4.9
	3	0.96 ± 0.04	0.92 ± 0.99	−4.5
	4	0.94 ± 0.04	0.91 ± 0.98	−5.8
OXFAT (g min−1)	1	0.13 ± 0.15	0.03 ± 0.24		0.018*	0.419L
	2	0.21 ± 0.15	0.10 ± 0.32	+62
	3	0.18 ± 0.13	0.08 ± 0.27	+31
	4	0.17 ± 0.13	0.07 ± 0.26	+20
Cr (mL kg−1 m−1)	1	0.299 ± 0.023	0.283 ± 0.315		0.403	0.127L
	2	0.287 ± 0.027	0.268 ± 0.306	−4.0
	3	0.289 ± 0.032	0.267 ± 0.311	−3.3
	4	0.284 ± 0.034	0.260 ± 0.308	−5.1
CrJ (J kg−1 m−1)	1	6.31 ± 0.48	5.90 ± 6.71		0.206	0.192L
	2	5.99 ± 0.55	5.54 ± 6.45	−4.9
	3	6.04 ± 0.69	5.47 ± 6.62	−4.2
	4	5.92 ± 0.76	5.29 ± 6.55	−6.0
%HRMAX (%)	1	97.8 ± 5.96	92.8 ± 102.8		0.164	0.337L
	2	98.8 ± 3.88	95.6 ± 102.1	+1.2
	3	99.2 ± 3.74	96.1 ± 102.4	+1.8
	4	100.4 ± 3.82	95.7 ± 105.2	+3.3

Notes.

Data are group mean ± SD.

^*significant main effect of duration, at p < 0.05.

^Mmoderate effect.

^Llarge effect.

$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$

Oxygen utilization

${\dot{\mathrm{V}}}_{\mathrm{E}}$

Minute ventilation

${\dot{\mathrm{V}}}_{\mathrm{E}}:\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$

Ventilatory equivalent

RER

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

C_r and C_r^J

Energy cost of running

%HR_MAX

Heart rate relative to individual maximum