Table 3.

Relationship between low PAPP-A levels (<1st, 5th and 10th percentiles) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Outcome	10th percentile N = 103	≥10th percentile N = 813	p-Value	<5th percentile N = 47	≥5th percentile N = 869	p-Value	<1st percentile N = 10	≥1st percentile N = 916	p-Value
Preterm birth	1 (1%)	30 (3.7%)	$0.24$	0 (0%)	31 (3.6%)	$0.40$	0 (0%)	31 (3.4%)	$1.0$
GH	4 (3.9%)	17 (2.1%)	$0.28$	4 (8.5%)	17 (2.0%)	$0.02$	1 (10%)	20 (2.2%)	$0.21$
Preeclampsia	4 (3.9%)	8 (1%)	$0.04$	1 (2.1%)	11 (1.3%)	$0.47$	0 (0%)	12 (1.3%)	$1.0$
FGR	9 (8.7%)	18 (2.2%)	$0.002$	5 (10.6%)	22 (2.5%)	$0.01$	2 (20%)	25 (2.8%)	$0.03$
Low birth weight	8 (7.8%)	35 (4.3% )	$0.13$	5 (10.6%)	38 (4.4%)	$0.06$	2 (20%)	41 (4.5%)	$0.08$
PPROM	0 (0%)	10 (1.2%)	$0.61$	0 (0%)	10 (1.2%)	$1.0$	0 (0%)	10 (1.1%)	$1.0$
Abruptio placentae	2 (1.9%)	1 (0.1%)	$0.04$	1 (2.1%)	2 (0.2%)	$0.15$	0 (0%)	3 (0.3%)	$1.0$
Gestational diabetes	15 (14.6%)	110 (13.5%)	$0.77$	6 (12.8%)	119 (13.7%)	$1.0$	3 (30%)	122 (13.5%)	$0.15$
Macrosomia	0 (0%)	3 (0.4%)	$0.81$	0 (0%)	3 (0.3%)	$1.0$	0 (0%)	3 (0.3%)	$1.0$
Oligohydramnios	1 (1%)	13 (1.6%)	$1.0$	0 (0%)	14 (1.6%)	$1.0$	0 (0%)	14 (1.5%)	$1.0$

FGR: fetal growth restriction; GH: gestational hypertension; PPROM: preterm premature rupture of membranes. Figures in bold were statistically significant.