Search strategy and characteristics for observational studies are described in eTables 3 and 4 in Supplement 1.
a From fixed-effects meta-analysis of independent observational studies described in eTable 3 in Supplement 1.
b From the combination of Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) and Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS).10
c From the combination of Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO), Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC), and Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS).97