Table 5.
Quality Appraisal of Qualitative Studies Using CASP Checklist.
| Study Aims clearly stated | Appropriate methods | Justification of methods | Recruitment strategy given | Data collection described | Researcher bias discussed | Study ethics description | Description of data analysis | Description of results | Value of research | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magilvy (1985) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Can’t tell | No | Yes | Yes |
| Thiede (1986) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hetu et al. (1988) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hetu et al. (1990) (Study 1) | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hetu et al. (1990) (Study 2) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Can’t tell | Yes |
| Bade (1991) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hallberg and Barrenas (1993) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hetu et al. (1994) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cowie, Watson, Kerr, and Douglas- Cowie (1995) | Yes | Yes | No | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Stephens et al. (1995) | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | No | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tesch-Romer (1997) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hallberg (1999) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Gething (2000) | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Laroche, Garcia, and Barrette (2000) | Yes | Yes | No | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Brooks, Hallam, and Mellor (2001) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Morgan-Jones (2001) | Yes | Yes | No | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hass-Slavin et al. (2005) | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Ross and Lyon (2007) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Punch et al. (2007) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Yorgason et al. (2007) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hallam, Ashton, Sherbourne, and Gailey (2008) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hidalgo et al. (2008) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Jennings and Shawb (2008) | Yes | Yes | No | Can’t tell | Can’t tell | No | No | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes |
| Scarinci, Worrall, and Hickson (2009a) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Wallhagen (2010) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Kelly and Atcherson (2011) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Claesen and Pryce (2012) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Jonsson and Hedelin (2012) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Manchaiah and Stephens (2013) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ekberg et al. (2014) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Granberg, Pronk, et al. (2014) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Preminger and Laplante- Levesque (2014) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Wanstrom et al. (2014) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Heffernan et al. (2016) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Note. CASP = Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.