Table 2. Clinical features of 387 Italian children with Celiac Disease stratified according to DMT1 IVS+44C>A polymorphism.
| DMT1 IVS+44C>A | CC | CA | AA | p-value a,b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n (%) | 161 (42) | 193 (50) | 33 (8) | |
| Males, n (%) | 63 (39) | 77 (40) | 12 (36) | 0.93 a |
| Females, n (%) | 98 (61) | 116 (60) | 21 (64) | |
| Age, years, median (range) | 3.8 (0.67–17.50) | 3.9 (0.58–18.00) | 2.8 (1.08–15.83) | 0.10 b |
| z-score BMI, median (range) | -0.3 (-3.35–2.34) | -0.13 (-4.42–2.3) | 0.1 (-0.9–7.73) | 0.11 b |
| Hb, g/dl, median (range) | 12.1 (5.9–14.8) | 11.9 (5.6–15.3) | 11.1 (5.9–13) | 0.00001 b |
| Hb < 3°, n (%) | 43 (27) | 70 (36) | 21 (64) | 0.0002 a |
| Hb ≥ 3°, n (%) | 118 (73) | 123 (64) | 12 (36) | |
| MCV, fl, median (range) | 77.7 (53.3–87.3) | 77.15 (50.2–92.5) | 73.3 (38.5–91.1) | 0.017 b |
| Sideremia, mcg/dl, median (range) | 50.5 (55.1–62.7) | 56 (55.5–62.5) | 32 (34.5–51.3) | 0.03 b |
| Ferritin, ng/ml, median (range) | 17 (14–21.1) | 17 (14–21.2) | 19 (6.3–21.2) | 0.40 b |
| Transferrin, mg/dl, median (range) | 309 (268–348) | 298 (266–336) | 334 (278–409) | 0.18 b |
| Saturation Index, median (range) | 0.14 (0.09–0.17) | 0.15 (0.13–0.17) | 0.07 (0.05–0.12) | 0.01 b |
| SI < 0.10, n (%) | 65 (40) | 60 (31) | 21 (64) | 0.001 a |
| SI ≥ 0.10, n (%) | 96 (60) | 133 (69) | 11 (36) | |
| Anti-tTg, U/ml, median (range) | 26.2 (22–50) | 32.5 (25.1–66.5) | 24.8 (15.6–94.1) | 0.36 b |
| AGA IgA, U/ml, median (range) | 12.1 (4.9–18) | 11.2 (6.5–23.9) | 8.7 (2.8–47.1) | 0.85 b |
| AGA IgG, U/ml, median (range) | 28.7 (14.7–59.2) | 32.5 (18.3–61.3) | 20.1 (7.1–64.2) | 0.78 b |
| EMA, n (%) | 0.94 c | |||
| present | 158 (98) | 188 (97) | 32 (97) | |
| absent | 3 (2) | 5 (3) | 1 (3) | |
| Villous Atrophy, n (%) | 0.42 a | |||
| 3a | 29 (18) | 41 (21) | 3 (10) | |
| 3b | 61 (38) | 66 (34) | 11 (33) | |
| 3c | 71 (44) | 86 (45) | 19 (57) |
a chi-square or
c Yates’ chi square test to determine independence between the frequency of occurrence of the categorical variables and DMT1 IVS+44C>A variants
b Kruskal-Wallis test for medians comparison of not normally distributed continuous variables of the three groups; the range is reported as minimum and maximum values. p<0.05 p<0.05 (or p<0.005 after Bonferroni correction) has been considered significant.
Data have been normalized for age, sex, and z-score BMI.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; Hb, hemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; SI, saturation index; Anti-tTg,tissue transglutaminase antibodies; AGA, anti-gliadin antibody; Ig, immunoglobulin; EMA, anti-endomysial antibody.