Table 2. Summary data for physiological measures during 21-km running while ingesting either CEPS, CES or PLA.

		Main effects of treatments	Pre-exercise	5-km	10-km	15-km	Post-exercise
Glucose (mmol/L)	CEPS	CES vs. PLA (P<0.05)	5.81 ± 1.65	4.83 ± 0.87	4.83 ± 1.18	5.01 ± 0.64a	4.38 ± 1.23
	CES		5.92 ± 0.95	5.17 ± 0.78b	5.49 ± 1.33	5.43 ± 1.06b	5.62 ± 1.10b
	PLA		5.64 ±0.93	4.33 ± 0.46	4.24 ± 0.87	4.14 ± 0.67	3.88 ± 1.08
Lactate (mmol/L)	CEPS		1.26 ± 0.48	2.04 ± 1.23	2.23 ± 0.96	2.03 ± 0.82	2.34 ± 0.81
	CES		1.26 ± 0.45	1.89 ± 0.78	2.95 ± 1.84	2.61 ± 1.38	3.29 ± 1.64
	PLA		1.28 ± 0.75	1.91 ± 0.76	2.07 ± 0.89	1.69 ± 0.64	1.98 ± 1.20
HR (beats/min)	CEPS		67 ± 13	151 ± 21	153 ± 14	157 ± 17	163 ± 15
	CES		69 ± 13	150 ± 12	163 ± 14	160 ± 16	165 ± 17
	PLA		65 ± 11	146 ± 14	153 ± 14	152 ± 15	155 ± 13
RER (VCO2/VO2)	CEPS		0.93 ± 0.09	0.90± 0.05	0.90± 0.05	0.90± 0.05a	0.89± 0.05a
	CES		0.88± 0.05	0.88± 0.06	0.88± 0.07	0.87± 0.07	0.86± 0.06
	PLA		0.87± 0.05	0.89± 0.04	0.88± 0.03	0.86± 0.04	0.83± 0.05

^a P<0.05, CEPS vs. PLA;

^bP<0.05, CES vs. PLA.

CEPS: Carbohydrate-electrolyte-protein solution; CES: Carbohydrate-electrolyte solution; PLA: Placebo.