Table 4. Cognitive performance for different trials (CEPS, CES, and PLA) before and after exercise.
Main effects of treatments | Pre-exercise | Post-exercise | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Verbal memory | CEPS | 89.00 ± 14.83 | 95.64 ± 4.13 | |
CES | 90.18± 12.42 | 91.09 ± 11.71 | ||
PLA | 90.18 ± 8.59 | 86.46 ± 14.81 | ||
Visual memory | CEPS | 78.46 ± 12.82 | 73.55 ± 16.98 | |
CES | 72.00 ± 14.52 | 78.55 ± 15.53 | ||
PLA | 69.36±16.85 | 72.46 ± 17.02 | ||
Visual motor speed | CEPS | CEPS vs. PLA (P<0.05) | 40.44 ± 4.81 | 40.18 ± 4.37 |
CES | 40.71 ± 4.83 | 39.70 ± 4.43 | ||
PLA | 36.90 ± 3.89 | 37.63 ± 3.76 | ||
Reaction time | CEPS | 0.68 ± 0.08 | 0.65 ± 0.08 | |
CES | 0.67 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.14 | ||
PLA | 0.71 ± 0.12 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | ||
Impulse control | CEPS | 3.09 ± 2.30 | 3.27 ± 2.20 | |
CES | 4.27 ± 4.80 | 4.27 ± 4.56 | ||
PLA | 4.72 ± 4.10 | 4.18 ± 3.14 | ||
Total symptom score | CEPS | 2.46 ± 3.72 | 1.82 ± 2.71 | |
CES | 2.09 ± 2.77 | 3.36 ± 2.91 | ||
PLA | 3.09 ± 4.23 | 2.82 ± 3.43 | ||
Cognitive efficiency index | CEPS | 0.32 ± 0.14 | 0.39 ± 0.18 | |
CES | 0.31 ± 0.14 | 0.31 ± 0.17 | ||
PLA | 0.29 ± 0.13 | 0.22 ± 0.18 |
CEPS: Carbohydrate-electrolyte-protein solution; CES: Carbohydrate-electrolyte solution; PLA: Placebo.