. 2017 Oct 12;12(10):e0186100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186100

Table 1. Qualitative studies assessed hormonal responses between pre- to post- soccer match (mean ± SD and/or relative effect %).

Study	Type of competition	Athletes characteristics (level; gender; age; n)	Collection method	Unit	Testosterone		Cortisol		T/C
Study	Type of competition	Athletes characteristics (level; gender; age; n)	Collection method	Unit	Real values	P values	Real values or relative changes	P values	T/C
Aizawa et al. [39]	Simulated	High-level (i.e., elite); female; 20.0±0.4 years; 9	Blood/plasma	ng/dl for T	Pre 39.8±6		Pre 10±0.7
				lg/ml for C	1^st day: 32±5.1		1^st day: 10.3±2.8
					2^nd day: 39.6±5.4		2^nd day: 22.1±3.4
					3^rd day: 35.7±4.3		3^rd day: 24.5±4
Carli et al. [40]	Official	High-level (i.e., semi-professional); NR; 20–27 years; 26	Blood/plasma	ug/100 ml				↑ p<0.05
Casanova et al. [45]	Official	High-level (i.e., elite); female; 22.85±4.2 years; 20	Salivary	ug/dl for C	Baseline		Baseline
				pg/ml for T	8:00 h 172.4±63		8:00 h 0.73±0.23
					11:00 h 108±33		11:00 h 0.39±0.09
					18:00 h 78.25±40.8		18:00 h 0.35±0.27
					Match 1 (lost)		Match 1 (lost)
					11:00 h 63±29.4		11:00 h 0.48±0.15
					18:00 h 50.3±24.9		18:00 h 0.46±0.12
					Match 2 (won)		Match 2 (won)
					11:00 h 78.1±29.1		11:00 h 0.44±0.12
					18:00 h 57.2±21.1		18:00 h 0.39±0.14
					Match 3 (won)		Match 3 (won)
					11:00 h 67.6±34.5		11:00 h 0.44±0.15
					18:00 h 48.8±22.1		18:00 h 0.44±0.15
					Match 4 (lost)		Match 4 (lost)
					8:00 h 63.5±28.7		8:00 h 0.83±0.20
					13:00 h 45.6±19.58		13:00 h 0.61±0.22
Edwards et al. [44]	Official	High-level (i.e., national); male and female; 18–22 years; 42	Salivary	ug/dl for C		Male (p<0.08)		↑ p<0.01)
Edwards et al. [44]	Official		Salivary	pg/ml for T		Female ↑(p<0.01)		↑(p<0.01)
Ispirlidis et al. [18]		High-level (i.e., elite); male; 21.1±1.2 years; 14	Blood/plasma	nmol/L for T and C		p>0.05	↑50.3%^*
Lupo et al. [41]	Official	High-level (i.e., semi-professional); male; 20–25 years; 18	Blood/plasma	ng/ml for T		45 min ↑(p<0.05)		↑(p<0.05)
Lupo et al. [41]	Official	High-level (i.e., semi-professional); male; 20–25 years; 18	Blood/plasma	ug/100 ml for C		90 min (p>0.05)		↑(p<0.05)
Oliveira et al. [15]	Official	High-level (i.e., elite); female; 24.24±4.78 years; 33	Salivary	pg/ml for T		Winners↑ (p<0.001)		(p>0.05)
Oliveira et al. [15]	Official	High-level (i.e., elite); female; 24.24±4.78 years; 33	Salivary	ng/ml for C		Losers (p>0.05)		(p>0.05)
Souglis et al. [32]	Official	High-level (i.e., elite); male; NR; 18	Blood/plasma	μg/dL			105%^*

T/C: Testosterone/Cortisol ratio; NR: not reported; ↑: increased.

*: significantly different from pre-competition level at p < 0.05;