Table 3. Mortality of S. oryzae adults exposed to selected four phytocompounds at different concentrations and times under with and without-food conditions.
Condition | Compounds | Concentration (μl/L air) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 100 | 200 | 400 | ||
Without-food | 24 h treatment | ||||
Eucalyptol | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 9.09 ± 6.38a | 87.88 ± 5.88c | 95.96 ± 4.03d | |
N. Menthol* | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 5.05 ± 2.47a | 9.09 ± 4.51a | 11.11 ± 5.88ab | |
Menthone | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 1.01 ± 2.02a | 3.03 ± 4.03a | 7.07 ± 3.77a | |
M. Acetate# | 15.15 ± 6.04b | 21.21 ± 8.67a | 39.39 ± 5.52b | 47.47 ± 4.94c | |
Phosphine | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 6.00 ± 2.45a | 12.00 ± 3.74a | 32.00 ± 3.16bc | |
48 h treatment | |||||
Eucalyptol | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 53.54 ± 5.14d | 100.0 ± 0.00c | 100.0 ± 0.00c | |
N. Menthol* | 7.07 ± 5.88ab | 13.13 ± 2.47a | 23.23 ± 5.14a | 27.27 ± 3.77a | |
Menthone | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 37.37 ± 5.88bc | 71.72 ± 7.41b | 95.96 ± 2.47c | |
M. Acetate# | 19.19 ± 4.51b | 23.23 ± 4.03ab | 59.60 ± 3.19b | 61.62 ± 11.67b | |
Phosphine | 8.00 ± 5.82ab | 32.00 ± 3.74ab | 52.00 ± 5.82b | 66.00 ± 3.99b | |
72 h treatment | |||||
Eucalyptol | 10.20 ± 9.88a | 69.39 ± 3.22b | 100.0 ± 0.00c | 100.0 ± 0.00b | |
N. Menthol* | 14.29 ± 8.28a | 32.65 ± 6.91a | 42.86 ± 2.49a | 51.02 ± 4.99a | |
Menthone | 28.57 ± 7.20a | 65.31 ± 5.19b | 100.0 ± 0.00c | 100.0 ± 0.00b | |
M. Acetate# | 36.73 ± 7.48a | 51.02 ± 5.94ab | 69.39 ± 4.56b | 87.76 ± 4.99b | |
Phosphine | 13.13 ± 2.47a | 65.66 ± 5.14b | 73.74 ± 2.47b | 85.86 ± 4.03b | |
With-food | 24 h treatment | ||||
Eucalyptol | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 9.09 ± 5.52a | 89.89 ± 7.81c | |
N. Menthol* | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | |
Menthone | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | |
M. Acetate# | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | |
Phosphine | 2.00 ± 2.00a | 8.00 ± 3.74a | 34.00 ± 5.09a | 42.00 ± 5.82b | |
48 h treatment | |||||
Eucalyptol | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 5.05 ± 4.03a | 31.31 ± 5.88c | 97.98 ± 2.02d | |
N. Menthol* | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | |
Menthone | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 11.11 ± 3.77a | 55.56 ± 2.47d | 73.74 ± 4.03c | |
M. Acetate# | 3.30 ± 2.49a | 7.07 ± 2.02a | 15.15 ± 4.03b | 21.21 ± 3.77b | |
Phosphine | 6.00 ± 2.45a | 40.00 ± 4.46b | 48.00 ± 3.74d | 62.00 ± 5.82c | |
72 h treatment | |||||
Eucalyptol | 6.12 ± 3.81a | 24.49 ± 9.45b | 87.75±4.99cd | 100.0 ± 0.00c | |
N. Menthol* | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | |
Menthone | 14.29 ± 5.19a | 42.86 ± 6.91bc | 100.0 ± 0.00d | 100.0 ± 0.00c | |
M. Acetate# | 8.16 ± 3.22a | 28.57 ± 1.77b | 38.78 ± 4.56b | 42.86 ± 8.28b | |
Phosphine | 16.00 ± 5.09a | 68.00 ± 6.62c | 80.00 ± 4.46c | 88.00 ± 2.00c |
*Neoisocarvomenthol;
#Menthyl acetate;
Each value is a mean of five replicates with standard error (Mean ± SE). Means within a column and within exposure period (h) followed by the different letters are significantly different (P≤0.05) of mortality of S. oryzae adults as determined by Tukey’s test.