Table 4.
Number of articles that document toileting and defecation-specific behaviors in children with defecation disorders and a concomitant diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
| Defecation-specific behaviors | Number of references | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | ADHD | |
| Pain | 2 | 2 |
| Withhold | 3 | 2 |
| Refuse toilet | 3 | 0 |
| Stool toileting refusal | 1 | 0 |
| Posture | 0 | 0 |
| Diaper | 2 | 0 |
| Hide | 2 | 0 |
| Refuse school toilet | 2 | 0 |
| Straining | 0 | 0 |
| Deny fecal incontinence | 0 | 0 |
| Deny urge | 0 | 1 |
| Not feel fecal incontinence | 0 | 0 |
| Place | 2 | 0 |
| Wiping | 1 | 0 |
| Flushing | 1 | 0 |
| Smell | 0 | 0 |
| Fear feces | 0 | 0 |