Figure 2.

Ginsenoside Rb1 alone had no significant effects on EPC viability, adhesion and migration. (a) After treatment with indicated concentrations of Rb1 for 48 h, cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 using a Microplate Reader. (b) After treatment with indicated concentrations of Rb1 for 48 h, 3 × 10⁴ EPCs were seeded into each well of a fibronectin-coated 24-well plate. After incubation at 37 °C for 30 min, cells were stained with DAPI for 10 min. Then the adherent EPCs were counted under the fluorescence microscope. (b) After treatment with indicated concentrations of Rb1 for 24 h, 3 × 10⁴ cells suspended in serum-free EGM-2 media with added drugs were placed in the upper chamber of a transwell insert. EGM-2 media with 20% FBS was added in the lower chamber. After incubation with drugs for another 24 h, the cells on the lower side of the filter were stained with DAPI for 10 min. Then the cells that had migrated to the lower filter were counted under the fluorescence microscope. Experiments were repeated three times and data are shown as mean ± s.d.