Table 1.

Estimated body mass averages, first appearance dates, sample sizes, and family designations for hominin and fossil taxa included in this analysis, along with comparative data for modern humans, Pan troglodytes, and Pan paniscus

Species	Average body mass (kg)	First appearance date (Ma)	Sample size	Family
Orrorin tugenensis a	35.8/46.5	6.00	2	Hominidae
Ar. ramidus a	32.1/50.8	4.40	1	Hominidae
Au. anamensis	46.30	4.17	1	Hominidae
Au. afarensis	39.10	3.77	12	Hominidae
Au. africanus	30.50	3.03	5	Hominidae
Au. sediba	26.70	1.95	2	Hominidae
P. boisei b	35.30	2.30	8	Hominidae
P. robustus	30.10	2.00	4	Hominidae
H. habilis	32.60	2.33	2	Hominidae
H. erectus	51.00	1.90	7	Hominidae
H. floresiensis	27.50	0.10	1	Hominidae
H. heidelbergensis	69.10	0.61	5	Hominidae
H. neanderthalensis	75.40	0.13	14	Hominidae
H. sapiens	58.20	0.20	51c	Hominidae
Proconsul africanus d	35.00	22.50	-	Proconsulidaee
Proconsul major d	75.00	22.50	-	Proconsulidaee
Ekembo heseloni d	15.00	18.50	-	Proconsulidaee
Ekembo nyanzae d	35.00	18.50	-	Proconsulidaee
Dryopithecus fontani	43.60	11.80	1	Hominidaee
Hispanopithecus laietanus	32.00	9.60	2	Hominidaee
Sivapithecus indicus	30.50	12.70	6	Hominidaee
Pliobates cataloniae	4.50	11.60	1	Pliobatidae
Pan troglodytes	45.00	2.33	60	Hominidae
Pan paniscus	39.10	2.33	13	Hominidae

Full references and expanded information in Supplementary Table 1

^aFrom ref. ³ based on chimpanzee training sample from ref. ³⁰

^bBased on “Possible P. boisei” following ref. ³

^cAverage of 51 worldwide populations following ref. ²

^dMidpoint of range compiled in ref. ⁶⁸

^eFollowing ref. ⁷⁴