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. 2017 Oct 12;7:13075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13578-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Chlorophyll a and vitamin B₁₂ biosynthetic pathways in the spheroid bodies of Rhopalodia gibberula (RgSB) and Epithemia turgida (EtSB). (a) Pathways for chlorophyll a and vitamin B₁₂ biosynthesis. Each arrow indicates a single reaction. Gene names corresponding to each reaction are displayed. The step indicated by a dashed grey arrow is catalysed by cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase (encoded by cobR) in diverse photosynthetic organisms, but this gene was not detected in the genome of the RgSB, EtSB, or their close free-living relatives (i.e. Cyanothece spp.). (b) Status of genes for the chlorophyll a and vitamin B₁₂ biosynthetic pathways in the RgSB and EtSB genomes. A filled box indicates the presence of an intact gene, whereas a box with a X mark and a blank box designate the presence of a pseudogene and the absence of a gene, respectively.