Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study patients according to frailty.
| Parameters | No frailty (n = 31) | Frailty (n = 15) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 73.0 (69.0–76.0) | 71.0 (67.0–80.0) | 0.605 |
| Women, % | 25.8 | 60.0 | 0.024 |
| Alcohol drinking, % | 9.7 | 6.7 | 1.000 |
| Current smoking, % | 19.4 | 13.3 | 1.000 |
| Hypertension, % | 96.8 | 100.0 | 1.000 |
| Anti-hypertension drug, counts | 4.0 (1.0–6.0) | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | 0.346 |
| ARB use, % | 45.2 | 46.7 | 0.923 |
| ACEI use, % | 9.7 | 6.7 | 1.000 |
| BB use, % | 51.6 | 66.7 | 0.334 |
| CCB use, % | 41.9 | 73.3 | 0.063 |
| Diuretics use, % | 74.2 | 60.0 | 0.327 |
| Diabetes, % | 67.7 | 40.0 | 0.073 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, % | 54.8 | 66.7 | 0.445 |
| Cancer, % | 9.7 | 20.0 | 0.375 |
| Time of predialytic nephrologic care, mon | 37.1 (11.4–62.5) | 11.1 (1.5–36.6) | 0.094 |
| Vascular access type, % | 0.226 | ||
| Arteriovenous fistula | 22.6 | 20.0 | |
| Arteriovenous graft | 16.1 | 0.0 | |
| Central venous catheter | 61.3 | 80.0 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.3 (20.9–25.6) | 20.5 (18.6–22.3) | 0.016 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 138.0 (128.0–149.0) | 150.0 (122.0–159.0) | 0.460 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 70.0 (63.0–82.0) | 82.0 (63.0–89.0) | 0.205 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.9 (9.0–10.7) | 10.2 (9.3–11.3) | 0.255 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 56.0 (39.0–84.0) | 45.0 (34.0–61.0) | 0.108 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 5.9 (4.8–8.2) | 6.2 (4.3–7.2) | 0.504 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 8.0 (5.0–10.3) | 7.2 (6.2–9.9) | 0.842 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 146.0 (126.0–181.0) | 158.0 (136.0–184.0) | 0.379 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.4 (3.2–3.6) | 3.2 (2.7–3.3) | 0.005 |
| MNA, score | 22.0 (19.0–24.0) | 18.0 (12.0–20.0) | 0.001 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 135.0 (130.0–138.0) | 132.0 (130.0–136.0) | 0.184 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.3 (3.9–4.9) | 4.2 (3.5–4.5) | 0.405 |
| Serum total CO2, mmol/L | 23.0 (20.0–25.0) | 23.0 (20.0–25.0) | 0.916 |
| Urinary albumin, mg/day* | 1,126.0 (387.0–2,075.0, n = 29) | 622.5 (193.8–3,355.3, n = 12) | 0.710 |
Values are expressed as median (IQR) for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. Differences were evaluated by using Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables, and χ2 or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.
ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker, ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, BB = beta blocker, CCB = calcium channel blocker, BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, MNA = Mini Nutritional Assessment, IQR = interquartile range.
*V.0350ariable with missing values.