Table 5. Logistic regression analyses of significant predictors for PEP, adjusted for patient and procedure related factors.

Predictors	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Amylase level > 4 × ULR	15.9 (2.7–94.6)	0.002
Lipase level > 8 × ULR	13.0 (2.0–85.5)	0.008
Precut sphincterotomy	9.2 (1.6–51.1)	0.012
Pancreatic sphincterotomy	42.1 (4.2–419.3)	0.001

All factors were adjusted for patient age, sex, bile duct dilation, reason for undergoing ERCP, final diagnosis, extrahepatic bile duct dilation, precut sphincterotomy, pancreatogram performance, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation, pancreatic sphincterotomy, endoscopic retrograde pancreatic duct drainage, mechanical lithotripsy, failure to clear bile duct, the cut-off values of post-ERCP amylase and lipase with best specificity which guide the initiation of resuscitation.

ERCP = endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, PEP = post-ERCP pancreatitis, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, ULR = upper limit of reference.