Table 2. Associations between individual anthropometry-, diet-, and PA-related variables and MHO phenotype* according to different definitions of MHO.
| Variables | CMRFs | HOMA-IR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Anthropometry and laboratory | ||||||
| BMI SDS | 0.11 | 0.06–0.20 | < 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.18–0.41 | < 0.001 |
| WC, cm | 0.82 | 0.78–0.86 | < 0.001 | 0.92 | 0.90–0.95 | < 0.001 |
| WHR, % | 0.74 | 0.69–0.79 | < 0.001 | 0.89 | 0.85–0.93 | < 0.001 |
| Insulin, mIU/L | 0.92 | 0.89–0.94 | < 0.001 | 0.49 | 0.43–0.56 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 0.94 | 0.91–0.97 | < 0.001 | 0.89 | 0.86–0.92 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.67 | 0.59–0.77 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.01–0.04 | < 0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 | 0.009 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.001 |
| PA | ||||||
| Moderate PA, min/day | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.575 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.142 |
| Vigorous PA, min/day | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.047 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.790 |
| Walk, min/day | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.929 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.031 |
| Total PA, min/day | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.291 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.082 |
| Diet | ||||||
| Energy intake, kcal/day | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.807 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.399 |
| Carbohydrate intake, kcal/day | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.982 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.506 |
| Carbohydrate intake, % | 1.00 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.654 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.786 |
| Protein intake, kcal/day | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.098 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.585 |
| Protein intake, % | 0.94 | 0.88–1.01 | 0.091 | 1.00 | 0.93–1.08 | 0.971 |
| Fat intake, kcal/day | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.797 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.414 |
| Fat intake, % | 1.01 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.667 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.658 |
| Water intake, g/day | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.347 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.232 |
| Fiber intake, g/day | 0.99 | 0.94–1.04 | 0.731 | 0.97 | 0.92–1.03 | 0.271 |
All ORs were adjusted for sex and age.
CMRF = cardiometabolic risk factor, PA = physical activity, MHO = metabolically healthy obesity, HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, BMI = body mass index, SDS = standard deviation score, WC = waist circumference, WHR = waist-height ratio, ALT = alanine transaminase.
*Reference variable: MUO, outcome variable: MHO.