Table-3.

Molluscicidal efficacy of NSP under different exposure time.

Tested concentration (ppm)	Exposed stages	MM% after exposure
		3 h	6 h	12 h	24 h	48 h
600	Snail	00	52±0.37*	53±0.35	69±0.43*	82±0.44*
	FNESE	00	00	15±0.24**	25±0.31*	45±0.43**
	ESE	00	00	25±0.32**	40±0.4**	60±0.36**
800	Snail	8±0.27	60±0.38**	64±0.31	71±0.34	88±0.32*
	FNESE	00	00	15±0.30*	25±0.30*	50±0.27**
	ESE	10±0.24	25±0.32*	25±0.37	46±0.32*	62±0.36*
1000	Snail	12±0.32	65±0.42**	68±0.32	76±0.49	93±0.45*
	FNESE	00	10±0.25*	20±0.27*	40±0.43**	50±0.34*
	ESE	18±0.34	25±0.29*	35±0.28*	50±0.38**	75±0.25**
1200	Snail	18±0.28	70±0.42**	73±0.39	79±0.38	100±0.00*
	FNESE	00	10±0.25*	20±0.28*	40±0.27**	50±0.23*
	ESE	25±0.36	25±0.36	35±0.21*	60±0.38**	85±0.32**

^*p≤0.05,

^**p≤0.001, The results were expressed as mean±standard error.

No mortalities in corresponding groups in dechlorinated tap water during the same exposure periods. MM%=Mean mortality %, SE=Standard error, FNESE=Fresh nonembryonated snail’s eggs. ESE=Embryonated snail’s eggs, NSP=Nanosilica particles