Table-1.

Target pathogens, dosage, route of administration, and results/recommendations of different mastitis vaccine studies in dairy cows.

References	Target pathogens	Dose and route	Results/recommendations
Freick et al. [11]	S. aureus E. coli	2 ml, intramuscularly once	No effect on udder health parameters
Bradley et al. [12]	S. aureus E. coli	2 ml, intramuscularly at 45, 10 days before calving; 52 days after calving	No significant difference mastitis incidence Significant reduction in severity of clinical cases No significant difference culling rate Significantly more milk production
Landin et al. [13]	S. aureus E. coli	2 ml, intramuscularly at 45, 10 days before calving; 52 days after calving	No effect on udder health parameters
Schukken et al. [6]	S. aureus E. coli	2 ml, intramuscularly at 45, 10 days before calving; 52 days after calving	Moderate reduction in mastitis incidence Pronounced reduction in duration of mastitis
Middleton et al. [15]	S. aureus	5 ml, intramuscularly twice 14 days	No significant differences mastitis incidence No significant differences in cure rate
Wilson et al. [16]	E. coli	2 ml, subcutaneously at 60 and 28 days before calving	Significant increase in J5-specific IgG Significantly lower culling rate
Chang et al. [17]	S. aureus	5 ml intramuscularly 3 times at 2 weeks interval	Significantly lower SCC Less S. aureus isolated
Leitner et al. [18]	S. aureus	1 ml subcutaneously under the tail and 1 ml in the area of the supramammary lymph node Booster after 40-60 days	Significant increase in serum immunoglobulin Significantly lower milk SCC Significantly more milk production
Czernomysy-Furowicz et al. [19]	S. aureus	3 ml, supramammary lymph nodes area once Cefuroxime, intramammary every 12 h for 5 times	60% reduction in S. aureus in milk
Magaš et al. [20]	S. aureus S. agalactiae	5 ml, intramuscularly once	No significant changes in milk SCC Significant increase in milk immunoglobulin
Prenafeta et al. [21]	S. aureus	5 ml, intramuscularly twice before calving at 2 weeks intervals	Significantly serum and milk immunoglobulin Significant reduction in milk S. aureus count No significant effect mastitis on clinical signs
Slobodanka et al. [22]	S. aureus	5 ml, subcutaneously 60 and 30 days before calving	Significant decrease in mastitis rates
Lee et al. [23]	S. aureus	2 ml, intramuscularly 2 ml, supramammary lymph nodes area at 30 days before calving Booster twice at 2 week interval	Significant increase in serum immunoglobulin Significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes Slightly increased neutrophil phagocytosis

SCC=Somatic cell counts, IgG=Immunoglobulin, S. aureus=Staphylococcus aureus, S. agalactiae=Streptococcus agalactiae, E. coli=Escherichia coli