Fig. 1. Exogenous spermidine attenuates tubular damage and kidney dysfunction during ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Mice were subjected to 30 minutes of bilateral kidney ischemia or sham operation followed by 6 hours or 24 hours of reperfusion. Spermidine (10 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle was administered at 24 hours and 1 hour before ischemia. n=9 mice in each group. (A) Tubular damage in the outer medulla represented by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain in kidney sections of mice. Scale bars=50 µm. (B) Tubular injury score measured in PAS-stained kidney sections. (C) Plasma creatinine concentration. ***P<0.001 vs. vehicle.
