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. 2017 Aug 18;14(4):3623–3631. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4965

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Ursolic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and autophagy via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (A) Western blot assays were used to assess the levels of PI3K, p-AKT, p-GSK3β and cyclin-D1 expression in three different breast cancer cell lines. (B) RT-qPCR assays were used to determine LC3 levels in breast cancer cells following treatment with 160 or 320 µg/ml ursolic acid. (C) Western blot assays were used to assess levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bad, Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3 following ursolic acid administration; (D) Levels of caspase-3 mRNA in breast cancer cells was assessed via RT-qPCR. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. ##P<0.01 and ###P<0.001 vs. control group. PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; p, phosphorylated; GSK glycogen synthase kinase; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; Bcl, b-cell lymphoma; Bad, Bcl-2-associated death promoter; Bax, Bcl-2-like protein 4; Con, control.