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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2013 Aug 1;64(8):754–763. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.002912012

Table 2.

Three-month outcomes in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of participants receiving or waiting to receive Family-to-Family (FTF) psychoeducation, by propensity score quintile

Overall
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Total Total Total Total Total Total
Outcome and group N M SD N M SD N M SD N M SD N M SD N M SD
RCT FTF waitlist
 Knowledge (% correct) 114 58.8 17.4 15 58.7 13.8 22 60.6 17.5 25 59.6 16.8 28 56.6 16.5 24 58.7 21.6
 Problem solvinga 113 12.9 2.9 15 13.2 3.9 22 12.5 2.4 24 12.5 1.8 28 13.5 3.1 24 12.8 3.2
 Anxietyb 114 52.4 9.4 15 52.1 7.4 22 49.3 6.8 25 51.3 10.4 28 54.6 10.1 24 53.8 10.6
 Global Severity Indexc 114 51.9 9.4 15 50.5 5.7 22 49.0 9.1 25 51.1 8.7 28 53.5 10.2 24 54.5 10.9
 Empowerment in aspect of familyd 114 3.5 .6 15 3.2 .7 22 3.5 .6 25 3.5 .5 28 3.4 .8 24 3.6 .6
 Empowerment in aspect of serviced 114 3.1 .9 15 2.8 .8 22 3.2 .8 25 3.2 .9 28 2.9 .9 24 3.2 .9
 Empowerment in aspect of communityd 114 2.5 .8 15 2.1 .6 22 2.3 .6 25 2.3 .6 28 2.5 .8 24 2.9 1.0
 Acceptancee 114 12.7 2.5 15 12.0 2.4 22 13.4 2.2 25 12.6 2.6 28 12.4 2.7 24 12.9 2.3
 Depressionf 114 8.5 6.9 15 7.0 4.6 22 8.0 5.9 25 6.3 5.1 28 9.8 8.1 24 10.7 8.6
 Worryg 114 1.9 .5 15 1.8 .5 22 1.8 .4 25 2.0 .4 28 2.1 .6 24 2.0 .5
 Subjective burdeng 114 2.7 .5 15 2.5 .5 22 2.5 .4 25 2.9 .6 28 2.7 .5 24 2.8 .5
RCT FTF participants
 Knowledge (% correct) 129 65.2 16.8 16 58.0 18.7 21 70.5 13.2 26 67.6 16.9 36 64.3 18.5 30 64.1 15.1
 Problem solvinga 126 12.1 2.6 16 13.1 2.6 21 11.6 2.5 26 12.0 2.5 34 11.6 2.4 29 12.6 3.0
 Anxietyb 129 50.6 8.1 16 48.1 7.6 21 48.0 7.4 26 53.6 7.2 36 50.6 7.8 30 51.2 9.4
 Global Severity Indexc 129 50.3 9.0 16 46.9 9.2 21 47.0 7.8 26 53.2 7.2 36 51.2 7.9 30 50.9 11.1
 Empowerment in aspect of familyd 129 3.7 .6 16 3.4 .9 21 3.7 .7 26 3.7 .6 36 3.8 .5 30 3.7 .6
 Empowerment in aspect of serviced 129 3.4 .8 16 3.2 1.1 21 3.5 .8 26 3.4 .8 36 3.5 .7 30 3.5 .8
 Empowerment in aspect of communityd 129 2.9 .8 16 2.4 .8 21 2.8 .7 26 2.7 .8 36 3.1 .7 30 3.2 .7
 Acceptancee 128 13.6 2.0 16 13.0 2.5 21 14.0 1.8 26 14.1 2.0 35 13.7 1.8 30 13.1 2.1
 Depressionf 129 7.5 7.0 16 6.4 6.1 21 4.6 4.3 26 9.4 6.9 36 6.9 5.9 30 9.3 9.4
 Worryg 129 2.0 .5 16 1.7 .7 21 1.9 .4 26 2.0 .4 36 2.1 .6 30 2.0 .5
 Subjective burdeng 129 2.7 .5 16 2.6 .4 21 2.6 .4 26 2.8 .5 36 2.9 .4 30 2.7 .5
Decliners (no RCT random assignment)
 Knowledge (% correct) 91 63.8 18.9 38 65.2 19.8 27 65.8 20.1 14 61.9 16.3 6 61.9 10.0 6 53.2 20.7
 Problem solvinga 84 12.6 2.6 34 12.1 2.1 26 12.9 2.5 13 13.2 2.3 6 15.2 3.4 5 10.4 3.8
 Anxietyb 89 50.1 8.1 37 49.3 7.7 26 52.2 7.7 14 50.0 6.4 6 48.0 7.8 6 48.7 14.9
 Global Severity Indexc 89 49.4 8.6 37 47.8 8.8 26 50.5 8.0 14 51.1 6.2 6 48.0 10.0 6 51.5 12.8
 Empowerment in aspect of familyd 90 3.5 .6 37 3.6 .5 27 3.5 .5 14 3.4 .7 6 3.8 .6 6 3.7 .7
 Empowerment in aspect of serviced 90 3.4 .7 37 3.4 .7 27 3.3 .7 14 3.3 .7 6 3.5 .9 6 3.5 1.1
 Empowerment in aspect of communityd 90 2.7 .7 37 2.6 .6 27 2.7 .8 14 2.9 .8 6 3.2 .9 6 2.8 .9
 Acceptancee 91 13.3 2.2 38 13.4 2.0 27 13.7 2.3 14 13.0 2.5 6 11.8 2.8 6 12.7 2.0
 Depressionf 89 7.8 6.6 37 5.7 6.0 26 9.3 5.9 14 8.4 6.7 6 10.7 6.4 6 10.2 10.0
 Worryg 90 2.0 .4 37 1.9 .4 27 2.0 .4 14 1.9 .5 6 2.0 .4 6 2.2 .8
 Subjective burdeng 90 2.7 .5 37 2.7 .4 27 2.8 .5 14 2.7 .5 6 2.7 .5 6 3.0 .9
a

From the Family Assessment Device. Possible scores range from 6 to 24, with higher scores indicating worse problem solving.

b

From the Brief Symptom Inventory. Anxiety T scores range from 38 to 81, with higher scores indicating more anxiety symptoms.

c

T scores range from 33 to 81, with higher scores indicating more global symptoms.

d

From the Family Empowerment Scale. Possible scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating more empowerment.

e

From the COPE. Possible scores range from 4 to 16, with higher scores indicating better coping.

f

As measured on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Possible scores ranges from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating more severe depression symptoms.

g

From the Family Member Questionnaire. Possible scores range from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating less worry and fewer burdens.