Table 2.
Estimated means (95% confidence intervals) using probability weights for key measures by language group (based at Year 1 group classification) when tested in Year 1 of school and again at Year 3. Numbers are reported the numbers of participants assessed per group prior to adjustment by probability weights. All measures are reported as z‐scores (see Table S1 for raw language scores)
| Typical develop (TD) | Language disorder ‐(no known diagnosis) (LD‐only) | Language disorder (known diagnosis/intellectual disability) (LD‐plus) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Year 1 N = 389 | Year 3 N = 359 | Year 1 N = 86 | Year 3 N = 82 | Year 1 N = 45 | Year 3 N = 42 |
| Age (months) | 71.66 (71.00, 72.32) | 95.27 (94.67, 95.86) | 71.99 (70.69, 73.30) | 95.96 (94.45, 97.47) | 73.95 (72.73, 75.16) | 95.23 (92.79, 97.64) |
| Nonverbal IQ | 0.13 (0.01, 0.26) | 0.15 (0.03, 0.27) | −0.72 (−0.94, −0.50) | −0.87 (−1.19, −0.55) | −1.66 (−2.10, −1.23) | −1.39 (−2.21, −0.58) |
| Vocabulary | 0.19 (0.07, 0.31) | 0.19 (0.07, 0.30) | −1.55 (−1.77, −1.34) | −1.32 (−1.59, −1.06) | −1.83 (−2.11, −1.54) | −1.92 (−2.55, −1.29) |
| Grammar | 0.16 (0.03, 0.28) | 0.20 (0.08, 0.31) | −1.43 (−1.61, −1.26) | −1.35 (−1.61, −1.09) | −1.58 (−2.20, −0.96) | −1.48 (−2.36, −0.61) |
| Narrative | 0.14 (0.02, 0.27) | 0.19 (0.07, 0.30) | −1.41 (−1.67, −1.14) | −1.10 (−1.41, −0.79) | −2.11 (−2.29, −1.93) | −1.65 (−1.94, −1.36) |
| Receptive | 0.18 (0.06, 0.30) | 0.20 (0.08, 0.31) | −1.51 (−1.69, −1.32) | −1.28 (−1.52, −1.04) | −2.07 (−2.25, −1.89) | −1.85 (−2.30, −1.40) |
| Expressive | 0.17 (0.04, 0.30) | 0.21 (0.10, 0.31) | −1.61 (−1.81, −1.41) | −1.43 (−1.70, −1.15) | −1.81 (−2.16, −1.46) | −1.68 (−2.40, −0.96) |
| Total language | 0.19 (0.07, 0.31) | 0.22 (0.11, 0.32) | −1.68 (−1.85, −1.52) | −1.45 (−1.72, −1.19) | −2.11 (−2.40, −1.81) | −1.93 (−2.57, −1.28) |