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Serum NF-κB levels in the control and observation groups pre- and post-surgery. Serum NF-κB levels in both groups gradually decreased at 6 and 24 h post-surgery, with serum NF-κB levels significantly lower in the observation group (*p<0.05 vs. control group pre-surgery; #p<0.05 vs. observation group pre-surgery). NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB.
