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Serum MCP-1 levels in the control and observation groups pre- and post-surgery. Serum MCP-1 levels in both groups gradually decreased at 6 and 24 h post-surgery, with serum MCP-1 levels significantly lower in the observation group (*p<0.05 vs. control group pre-surgery; #p<0.05 vs. observation group pre-surgery). MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.
