Table VII.

Combined approaches of scaffolds and MSCs genetically modified in spinal cord injury regeneration.

MSCs	Genetic modification	In vitro Pre-treatment	Scaffoldm	Models	Timing of outcome assessment	Outcomes	(Refs.)
BMSCs	Overexpressing BDNF	None	Alginate hydrogel	Acute hemisected rat	Four weeks	↑ Axonal regeneration; ↓ Cavity formation	(116)
BMSCs	Over-secreting NT-3 and Trkc	Co-cultured with Schwann cells	Gelatin sponge	Acute transected rat	Eight weeks	↑ Differentiation into neuron-like cells; ↑ Hindlimb locomotor function.	(117)
BMSCs	Nogo-66 knock down	None	PLGA nanofibers	Acute hemisected rat	Four-eight weeks	↓ Cavity formation; ↑ Motor functions	(118)
BMSCs	Overexpressing TrkC	None	Gelatin sponge	Acute transected rat	Four-eight weeks	↑ MSCs migration	(120)

BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NT-3, neurothopin-3; TrkC, neurotrophin-3 receptor; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).