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. 2017 Sep 26;117(19):12385–12414. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00259

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Water covers 71% of Earth’s surface. Most of it is salt water. Only 2.5% of it is fresh water. And, only 1.2% of that fresh water is in rivers and lakes. The rest of Earth’s fresh water is trapped as ice in polar caps and glaciers (68.8%) or underground (30.0%).