Table 3. Income and expenditure on food.
| Variable | Rural | Urban | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV+ | HIV− | p-Valuea | HIV+ | HIV− | p-Valueb | |||||
| n | % | N | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Number of people that contribute to income | ||||||||||
| RHP 93, RHN 465; UHP 172, UHN 251 | ||||||||||
| 0 | 2 | 2.2 | 11 | 2.4 | 0.92 | 9 | 5.2 | 12 | 4.8 | 0.76 |
| 1 | 40 | 43.0 | 183 | 39.3 | 58 | 33.7 | 94 | 37.5 | ||
| 2 | 32 | 34.4 | 190 | 40.8 | 58 | 33.7 | 62 | 24.7 | ||
| 3 | 17 | 18.2 | 59 | 12.7 | 22 | 12.8 | 49 | 19.5 | ||
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 3.0 | 16 | 9.3 | 19 | 7.6 | ||
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1.1 | 6 | 3.5 | 10 | 4.0 | ||
| 6 | 2 | 2.2 | 3 | 0.7 | 2 | 1.2 | 4 | 1.6 | ||
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.4 | ||
| Household income per monthc | ||||||||||
| RHP 93, RHN 466; UHP 172, UHN 251 | ||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1.1 | 7 | 1.5 | 0.005* | 5 | 2.9 | 6 | 2.4 | 0.081 |
| R100–500 ($7.8–39) | 23 | 24.7 | 50 | 10.7 | 50 | 29.1 | 48 | 19.1 | ||
| R501–1000 ($40–78) | 32 | 34.4 | 168 | 36.0 | 46 | 26.7 | 75 | 29.9 | ||
| R1001–3000 ($78.4–235) | 31 | 33.3 | 212 | 45.5 | 60 | 34.9 | 104 | 41.4 | ||
| R3001–5000 ($235.1–391.5) | 2 | 2.2 | 17 | 3.7 | 3 | 1.7 | 7 | 2.8 | ||
| Over R5000 ($391.5) | 3 | 3.2 | 7 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.2 | 5 | 2.0 | ||
| Do not know | 1 | 1.1 | 5 | 1.1 | 6 | 3.5 | 6 | 2.4 | ||
| Money spent on food for the household weeklyc | ||||||||||
| RHP 90, RHN 457; UHP 166, UHN 216 | ||||||||||
| R0–50 ($0–3.9) | 20 | 22.2 | 40 | 8.8 | 0.004* | 23 | 13.9 | 22 | 8.9 | 0.04* |
| R51–100 ($4–7.8) | 30 | 33.3 | 143 | 31.3 | 27 | 16.3 | 30 | 12.1 | ||
| R101–150 ($7.9–11.7) | 13 | 14.4 | 139 | 30.4 | 18 | 10.8 | 37 | 15.0 | ||
| R151–200 ($11.8–15.7) | 12 | 13.3 | 66 | 14.4 | 12 | 7.2 | 21 | 8.5 | ||
| R201–250 ($15.8–19.6) | 6 | 6.7 | 27 | 5.9 | 19 | 11.5 | 29 | 11.7 | ||
| R251–300 ($19.7–23.5) | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2.4 | 7 | 4.2 | 11 | 4.5 | ||
| R301–350 ($23.6–27.4) | 2 | 2.2 | 4 | 0.9 | 3 | 1.8 | 5 | 2.0 | ||
| R351–400 ($27.5–31.3) | 2 | 2.2 | 8 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2.0 | ||
| Over R400 ($31.3) | 2 | 2.2 | 6 | 1.3 | 11 | 6.3 | 24 | 9.7 | ||
| Do not know | 2 | 2.2 | 13 | 2.8 | 46 | 27.7 | 63 | 25.5 | ||
| Main source of income of household | ||||||||||
| RHP 90, RHN 457; UHP 165, UHN 247 | ||||||||||
| Wages/salaries from formal employment | 8 | 8.9 | 45 | 9.9 | 12 | 7.3 | 21 | 8.5 | ||
| Self-employment, including home enterprises | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Casual employment (agricultural or non-agricultural) | 13 | 14.4 | 50 | 10.9 | 22 | 13.3 | 15 | 6.1 | ||
| Crop production, livestock sales | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1.4 | ||
| Sale of assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Land/flats/equipment rental | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Old-age pension or state grant | 59 | 65.6 | 308 | 67.4 | 0.73 | 85 | 51.5 | 117 | 47.4 | 0.41 |
| Domestic work | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.8 | ||
| Other | 9 | 10.0 | 46 | 10.1 | 46 | 27.9 | 89 | 36.0 | ||
a p-Value for difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative rural participants using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.
b p-Value for difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative urban participants using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.
cSouth African Rand vs. US Dollar: R12.77 = $1.
*Statistically significant difference.