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. 2017 Oct 11;14(1):118–131. doi: 10.1080/17290376.2017.1379428

Table 4. Food production, preservation and the availability of vegetables, crops and fruit trees.

Variable Rural Urban
HIV+ HIV− p-Valuea HIV+ HIV− p-Valueb
n % n %   n % n %  
Vegetables grown
RHP 90, RHN 457;
UHP 167, UHN 247
 Yes 31 34.4 207 45.3 0.06 67 40.1 86 34.8 0.27
 No 59 66.2 250 54.7 100 59.9 161 65.2
Type of vegetables produced
RHP 31, RHN 207;
UHP 67, UHN 86
 Cabbage 11 35.5 66 31.9 0.57 18 26.9 12 14.0 0.02*
 Carrots 22 71.0 127 61.4 0.51 12 17.9 22 25.6 0.53
 Green, leafy vegetables 25 80.7 176 85.0 0.05 66 98.5 80 93.0 0.13
 Pumpkin 12 38.7 87 42.0 0.19 15 22.4 18 20.3 0.53
 Beans 8 25.8 84 40.6 0.02* 15 22.4 16 18.6 0.10
 Beetroot 18 58.1 127 61.4 0.12 20 29.9 26 30.2 0.64
Crops grown
RHP 90, RHN 457;
UHP 167, UHN 247
 Yes 21 23.3 107 23.4 0.98 14 8.4 19 7.7 0.79
 No 69 76.7 350 76.6 153 91.6 228 92.3
Fruit trees owned
RHP 90, RHN 457;
UHP 167, UHN 247
 Yes 61 67.8 319 69.8 0.76 68 40.7 107 43.3 0.59
 No 29 32.2 138 30.2   99 59.3 140 56.7  
Livestock owned
RHP 90, RHN 456;
UHP 167, UHN 247
 Yes 14 15.6 113 24.8 0.05 8 4.8 18 7.3 0.31
 No 76 84.4 343 75.2   159 95.2 229 92.7  

Notes: RHP = rural, HIV-positive; RHN = rural, HIV-negative; UHP = urban, HIV-positive; UHN = urban, HIV-negative.

a p-value for difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative rural participants using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.

b p-value for difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative urban participants using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.

*Statistically significant difference.