Table 7. Sociodemographic and household food security factors associated with HIV status of rural participants.

Variable	Rural					Urban
	HIV+		HIV−			HIV+		HIV−
	n	%	n	%	p-Valuea	N	%	n	%	p-Valueb
Church membership
Yes RHP 89, RHN 452; UHP 160, UHN 240	83	93.3	444	98.2	0.01*	135	84.4	221	92.1	0.01*
Experienced stress
RHP 88, RHN 443, UHP 164, UHN 244
Never	30	34.1	148	33.4		25	15.2	31	12.7
A few periods of stress	30	34.1	139	31.4		51	31.1	80	32.8
Several periods of stress	20	22.7	117	26.4		33	20.1	63	25.8
Permanent stress	8	9.1	39	8.8	0.93	55	33.5	70	28.7	0.29
Experienced during past 12 months
Loss of job RHP 88, RHN 449, UHP 164, UHN 244	14	15.9	60	13.4	0.52	71	43.3	73	29.9	0.005*
Retirement RHP 88, RHN 449, UHP 164, UHN 244	9	10.2	46	10.2	0.99	13	7.9	16	6.6	0.59
Business failure RHP 88, RHN 450, UHP 164, UHN 244	18	20.5	79	17.6	0.51	10	6.1	16	6.6	0.85
Household break in RHP 88, RHN 449, UHP 164, UHN 244	9	10.2	34	7.6	0.40	36	22.0	52	21.3	0.87
Marital separation/ divorce RHP 87, RHN 450, UHP 164, UHN 244	6	6.9	22	4.9	0.43	10	6.1	13	5.3	0.74
Intra-family conflict RHP 88, RHN 447, UHP 162, UHN 242	19	21.6	96	21.5	0.98	43	26.5	50	20.7	0.16
Major personal injury or illness RHP 87, RHN 448, UHP 164, UHN 244	33	37.9	135	30.1	0.15	55	33.5	78	32.0	0.74
Violence RHP 87, RHN 448, UHP 164, URN 244	24	27.6	81	18.1	0.04*	40	24.4	41	16.8	0.059
Death of a spouse RHP 87, RHN 449, UHP 164, UHN 244	11	12.6	22	4.9	0.006*	13	7.9	12	4.9	0.21
Death or major illness of another family member RHP 85, RHN 449, UHP 162, UHN 244	42	49.4	224	49.9	0.93	109	66.5	149	61.1	0.26
Wedding of family member RHP 87; RHN 450, UHP 164, UHN 244	18	20.7	77	17.1	0.42	51	31.1	80	32.8	0.72
New job RHP 87; RHN 448, UHP 164, UHN 244	6	6.9	55	12.3	0.14	17	10.4	23	9.4	0.75
Birth in the family RHP 87, RHN 449, UHP 164, UHN 244	25	28.7	133	29.6	0.86	57	34.8	96	39.3	0.34
Separation from family RHP 87, RHN 449, UHP 164, UHN 244	4	4.6	28	6.2	0.55	43	26.2	50	20.5	0.17
Food insecurity RHP 87, RHN 448, UHP 164, UHN 244	40	46.0	157	35.0	0.05	105	64.0	145	59.4	0.34
Other major stress RHP 89, RHN 452, UHP 154, UHN 230	12	13.5	66	14.6	0.78	30	19.5	49	21.3	0.66
Felt sad, blue or depressed for two weeks or more in a row during past 12 months
RHP 87, RHN 445, UHP 162, RHN 243	46	52.9	211	47.4	0.35	110	67.9	162	66.7	0.79
Care for orphans in household
RHP 88, RHN 449, UHP 161, UHN 240	17	19.3	129	28.7	0.06	35	21.7	72	30.0	0.07

^a p-Value for difference between HIV+ and HIV− rural participants using Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.

^b p-Value for difference between HIV+ and HIV− urban participants using Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.