Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of all participants and according to frontal planar QRS-T angles

	QRS-T angle 0 –45° (n = 235)	QRS-T angle 45– 90° (n = 41)	QRS-T angle>90° (n = 31)	All patients (n = 307)	p value
Age, years	54.9 ± 10.1	56.7 ± 11.6	60.1± 11.3	55.7 ± 10.5	0.027
Male	114 (48.5)	11 (26.8)	14 (45.2)	139 (45.3)	0.036
BMI	30.43 ± 5.43	30.11 ± 4.79	31.30± 6.81	30.47 ± 5.49	0.640
Diabetes mellitus	55 (23.4)	8 (19.5)	10 (32.3)	73 (23.8)	0.436
Hypertension	109 (46.4)	29 (70.7)	22 (71)	160 (52.l)	0.001
Smoking	72 (30.6)	9 (22)	7 (22.6)	88 (28.7)	0.384
LVEF, %	65 ± 32	61 ± 9	60 ± 9	64 ± 28	0.519
Biochemical data, mg/dL
LDL-C	116.8 ± 31.8	124.3 ± 35.7	122.7± 38.2	118.4 ± 33.1	0.302
HDL-C	46.8 ± 13.1	50.5 ± 15.4	49.2± 13.8	47.6 ± 13.5	0.225
Total-C	194.9 ± 36.7	202.0 ± 41.8	197.2± 49.3	196.1 ± 38.8	0.553
Triglyceride	164.1 ± 99.0	147.3 ± 83.7	141.0± 58.9	159.5 ± 93.9	0.294
Fasting glucose	110.0 ± 31.0	116.0 ± 58.2	119.5± 45.6	111.7 ± 37.3	0.304
BUN	15.0 ± 8.4	16.0 ± 8.0	17.2± 7.0	15.4 ± 8.3	0.337
Creatinine	0.91 ± 0.72	1.06 ± 1.55	1.00± 0.22	0.94 ± 0.85	0.552
Electrocardiographic data
Heart rate, bpm	68 ± 11	70 ± 12	76± 14	69 ± 12	0.003
P axis	43.6 ± 25.8	44.6 ± 18.5	50.1± 48.2	44.4 ± 28.0	0.515
QRS axis	27.5 ± 28.9	18.8 ± 43.5	6.2± 68.8	24.2 ± 37.3	0.007
T axis	31.5 ± 27.0	51.3 ± 64.5	101.2± 70.8	41.2 ± 45.2	<0.001
Frontal QRS-T angle	16.54 ± 12.32	62.97 ± 10.75	133.00± 30.67	34.50 ± 39.52	<0.001
QTc	408.7 ± 27.1	424.6 ± 37.9	422.7± 38.4	412.2 ± 30.6	0.001

Values are given as means ± SD or n (%). BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood-urea nitrogen; QTc, corrected QT.