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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Joint Bone Spine. 2016 Sep 20;84(4):421–426. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.07.005

Fig. 4. Defects in central and peripheral immunoregulation in GCA.

Fig. 4

To prevent uncontrolled inflammation, antigen-specific T cells are subject to tolerance-inducing mechanisms both in central lymphoid organs as well as in peripheral tissue sites. Both sites need to be integrated into pathogenic models for GCA. Available data suggest that GCA vascular lesions are poor in anti-inflammatory T cells. Recent studies have revealed a defect in CD8 Tregs, which function in central lymphoid organs and are essentially absent in GCA patients.