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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ergonomics. 2016 May 10;60(1):26–43. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1168529

Table 2.

Social context factors, their definitions, and examples from three studies.

Factor and its definition Examples from data*
Interpersonal influence
  • The real or perceived social force exerted on a person’s beliefs or behaviors by specific individuals.

  • (R12C) “My family’s been asking me a long time to get [a mobile phone]”)

  • (R13C) “[Wife]’ll jump on me in a quick minute. (laughs) Yeah, she does. She keeps me, ‘Watch out!’ She watches how much salt I eat.”

  • (R14C) “It hurts [wife’s] feelings sometimes if I don’t eat what she fixes,” describing difficulty following a low-sodium diet.

  • (R15B ) “It was nice to know somebody else was thinking about me … besides my family and the doctors. It was nice to know that somebody else cared about … little old me.” (Describing care team.)

  • (R16C) “We had the family come in from North Carolina and we was all together eating and my favorite potato chips was laying there and my cheese and I said well you know I’m going to get a taste or two and I ate a bit more than I should have, so.”

  • (R17A) “Using [health technology] at [business] school has been really fun because my classmates are super excited about it…I’m like “hey guys it’s like big data analytics like internet of everything…”

  • (R18C) “It’s hard to go anywhere. I feel like I take a urinal with me.” (Describing concerns about being judged by others when outside of the home and needing to urinate after taking diuretic medications)

Cultural influence
  • The real or perceived social force exerted on a person’s beliefs or behaviors over time by a group such as family, social or professional community, or society.

  • (R19A) I come from like a pretty hypochondriac family so, being very, very attuned to health related stuff is something that I grew up with… my mom believes I [had asthma as a kid] so, it’s funny to show her [now that I really have asthma]… I didn’t grow up in a place where you kind of ignored health stuff, go to the doctor at the drop of a dime. So, having [device] just kind of feeds into that.

  • (R20A) “Everyone in my family has smartphones and everything is electric in our house. Our power went out a few days ago and we can even open the blinds cause their electric, so we’re really electronic based so, it’s really good.”

  • (R21C) “Daddy was (a) hard worker, never missed a day of work all his life… therefore, we always set our patterns to be like our daddy, go to work and take care of your family… And so when I got sick, it was like you know, why am I getting sick. I didn’t feel it coming on.”

  • (R22C) “We’re from Trinidad so food is highly seasoned. There’s just no way around it. If you eat it, it has salt in it…”

  • (R23C) “After being in the military ain’t too much that (is challenging),” stated one patient, but later described a downside of military culture: “…(in) the Army, you didn’t show a weakness and stuff like that” (explaining his delay in being diagnosed).

  • (R24A) “I definitely think kind of the culture I’m in being that teens are very technology focused and I think that contributed in a big way like around people who love this kind of stuff and that’s something that I’m very focused on how to integrate apps into my life…”

Social support and engagement
  • Availability and quality of care and assistance from other people, as well as active engagement with others more generally.

  • (R25B) “But I also have the two caregivers. Like I said, one is my niece, and one is my sister. And since I lost my second leg, they won’t leave me alone at night at all. So one of them spends the night with me…”

  • (R26B) “My wife did everything for me, so I didn’t have to worry about anything. If I did, I’d be in big trouble. I’d probably be back in the hospital. … In my case, usually my wife was there … to take notes or whatever, because my memory, I think it’s reached its limits…”

  • (R27B) “…And our other daughter … that we stayed with until we found the place…” (patients home had burned)

  • (R28A) “With my kids. First there was ‘Oh you gotta do that again, dad?’ And then they’re like, ‘Hey! Your phone’s beeping. Did you forget?’ So it was a nice reminder that the kids were helping me out when I was starting this… It was definitely a positive. It got them instead of just something that I did, it became a part of the family kind of weirdly.”

  • (R29A) “[Having someone to say] ok you’re trying to make some progress here so alright well if you’re having a hard time maybe I’ll remind you or did you check your data… Were you having a bad day? Was it the weather? Was it something in the air? [H]aving somebody helping you [whose] on board [with] it makes it so much easier and I didn’t really have that so a lot of that was all on me.”

  • (R30C) “I stay in this house every day, watching the four walls, and get up. You eat. You lie down. You sleep. You watch TV. You cook some food and go outside. I sit out; I watch cars passing the road. That is boring. Real boring. I can’t take that.”

  • (R31A) “I live with smokers [and smoke is an asthma trigger for me]. Ho-ooh. That’s kind of the problem… I’ve been trying to explain that to people but they don’t really seem to realize that smoke clings to clothing.”

*

(A) refers to the Asthma and Technology Study; (B) refers to the Keystone Beacon Project; (C) refers to the Caring Hearts Study.