Table 2.
Incidence rates and adjusted HRs of coronary artery disease, cardiac dysrhythmia and heart failure in the ACOS and non-ACOS cohorts after stratification by sex, age, comorbidities (no/yes) and medications (no/yes)
| Variables | ACOS | Compared with non-ACOS cohort | ||||||
| No | Yes | |||||||
| Event | PY | Rate | Event | PY | Rate | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR†(95% CI) | |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||
| Overall | 1450 | 72 458 | 20.0 | 1147 | 32 580 | 35.2 | 1.74 (1.61 to 1.88)*** |
1.62 (1.50 to 1.76)*** |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 519 | 31 337 | 16.6 | 416 | 14 337 | 29.0 | 1.73 (1.52 to 1.97)*** | 1.51 (1.32 to 1.73)*** |
| Male | 931 | 41 122 | 22.6 | 731 | 18 243 | 40.1 | 1.76 (1.59 to 1.94)*** | 1.68 (1.52 to 1.86)*** |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 40–49 | 98 | 13 957 | 7.02 | 97 | 6720 | 14.4 | 2.05 (1.55 to 2.71)*** | 1.58 (1.17 to 2.13)** |
| 50–64 | 461 | 27 863 | 16.6 | 405 | 12 667 | 32.0 | 1.92 (1.68 to 2.19)*** | 1.67 (1.45 to 1.92)*** |
| ≥65 | 891 | 30 639 | 29.1 | 645 | 13 192 | 48.9 | 1.66 (1.50 to 1.84)*** | 1.57 (1.42 to 1.75)*** |
| Comorbidity‡ | ||||||||
| No | 382 | 32 438 | 11.8 | 166 | 7923 | 21.0 | 1.78 (1.48 to 2.14)*** | 1.82 (1.52 to 2.18)*** |
| Yes | 1068 | 40 021 | 26.7 | 981 | 24 656 | 39.8 | 1.48 (1.36 to 1.62)*** | 1.56 (1.43 to 1.70)*** |
| Cardiac dysrhythmia | ||||||||
| Overall | 862 | 75 887 | 11.4 | 622 | 35 785 | 17.4 | 1.53 (1.38 to 1.69)*** | 1.44 (1.30 to 1.61)*** |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 313 | 32 716 | 9.57 | 221 | 15 643 | 14.1 | 1.48 (1.24 to 1.75)*** | 1.42 (1.19 to 1.71)*** |
| Male | 549 | 43 171 | 12.7 | 401 | 20 141 | 19.9 | 1.56 (1.37 to 1.78)*** | 1.46 (1.28 to 1.67)*** |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 40–49 | 62 | 14 149 | 4.38 | 47 | 7001 | 6.71 | 1.54 (1.05 to 2.24)* |
1.32 (0.88 to 1.98) |
| 50–64 | 218 | 29 249 | 7.45 | 164 | 14 117 | 11.6 | 1.56 (1.27 to 1.91)*** | 1.33 (1.07 to 1.65)** |
| ≥65 | 582 | 32 489 | 17.9 | 411 | 14 667 | 28.0 | 1.56 (1.38 to 1.77)*** | 1.46 (1.28 to 1.67)*** |
| Comorbidity‡ | ||||||||
| No | 274 | 33 057 | 8.29 | 117 | 8255 | 14.2 | 1.71 (1.38 to 2.13)*** | 1.80 (1.45 to 2.23)*** |
| Yes | 588 | 42 830 | 13.7 | 505 | 27 530 | 18.3 | 1.33 (1.19 to 1.50)*** | 1.44 (1.28 to 1.63)*** |
| Heart failure | ||||||||
| Overall | 616 | 77 072 | 7.99 | 588 | 36 054 | 16.3 | 2.04 (1.82 to 2.28)*** | 1.94 (1.73 to 2.19)*** |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 251 | 33 058 | 7.59 | 217 | 15 708 | 13.8 | 1.81 (1.51 to 2.17)*** | 1.60 (1.32 to 1.94)*** |
| Male | 365 | 44 014 | 8.29 | 371 | 20 345 | 18.2 | 2.20 (1.90 to 2.54)*** | 2.17 (1.87 to 2.52)*** |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 40–49 | 19 | 14 379 | 1.32 | 24 | 7110 | 3.38 | 2.56 (1.41 to 4.68)** | 2.17 (1.15 to 4.11)* |
| 50–64 | 136 | 29 493 | 4.61 | 148 | 14 255 | 10.4 | 2.24 (1.78 to 2.83)*** | 1.92 (1.50 to 2.45)*** |
| ≥65 | 461 | 33 200 | 13.9 | 416 | 14 688 | 28.3 | 2.04 (1.79 to 2.33)*** | 1.86 (1.62 to 2.13)*** |
| Comorbidity‡ | ||||||||
| No | 154 | 33 673 | 4.57 | 83 | 8430 | 9.85 | 2.16 (1.66 to 2.82)*** | 2.31 (1.77 to 3.02)*** |
| Yes | 462 | 43 399 | 10.7 | 505 | 27 623 | 18.3 | 1.71 (1.51 to 1.94)*** | 1.91 (1.69 to 2.17)*** |
Rate denotes incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) and Crude HR denotes relative HR.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
†Covariables found to be significantly associated with coronary artery disease, cardiac dysrhythmia and heart failure in the univariate Cox proportional regression model were further analysed using a multivariate Cox proportional regression model.
‡Individuals with diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, end-stage renal disease, bone fracture, pneumonia, mental disorders, stroke and tobacco dependency were classified in the comorbidity group.
ACOS, asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome; PY, person-years.