Table 1.
Number of patients and deaths, inhospital mortalities and HRs for total death of CVD and its subtypes according to hs-CRP levels
| Diagnosis at the emergency department | Total | hs-CRP levels (mg/L) | p for trend (across categories) | Continuous log scale | p for trend (continous) | ||||
| <3.0 | 3.1–5.4 | 5.5–11.5 | 11.6–33.2 | ≥33.3 | |||||
| CVD | |||||||||
| No of patients | 12 211 | 7375 | 1212 | 1200 | 1216 | 1208 | |||
| No of deaths | 1156 | 517 | 116 | 134 | 149 | 240 | |||
| Inhospital mortality (%) | 9.5 | 7.0 | 9.6 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 19.9 | <0.001 | ||
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) | 1.18 (0.97 to 1.45) | 1.32*(1.09 to 1.60) | 1.38*(1.14 to 1.65) | 2.15*(1.84 to 2.51) | <0.001 | 1.15*(1.12 to 1.19) | <0.001 | |
| Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted and WCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) |
1.15 (0.94 to 1.41) |
1.29 (1.07 to 1.56) |
1.33* (1.11 to 1.60) |
2.00* (1.71 to 2.34) |
<0.001 | 1.14* (1.10 to 1.18) |
<0.001 | |
| Acute myocardial infarction | |||||||||
| No of patients | 1347 | 796 | 145 | 126 | 125 | 155 | |||
| No of deaths | 89 | 28 | 4 | 12 | 9 | 36 | |||
| Inhospital mortality (%) | 6.6 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 9.5 | 7.2 | 23.2 | <0.001 | ||
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) | 0.65 (0.23 to 1.86) | 1.80 (0.91 to 3.57) | 1.46 (0.68 to 3.13) | 4.33*(2.60 to 7.22) | <0.001 | 1.37*(1.23 to 1.54) | <0.001 | |
| Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted and WCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) |
0.62 (0.22 to 1.76) |
1.64 (0.83 to 3.26) |
1.14 (0.51 to 2.54) |
3.44* (2.04 to 5.82) |
<0.001 | 1.31* (1.16 to 1.47) |
<0.001 | |
| Heart failure | |||||||||
| No of patients | 1742 | 620 | 232 | 249 | 310 | 331 | |||
| No of deaths | 148 | 19 | 11 | 28 | 29 | 61 | |||
| Inhospital mortality (%) | 8.5 | 3.1 | 4.7 | 11.2 | 9.4 | 18.4 | <0.001 | ||
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) | 1.27 (0.60 to 2.66) | 2.29*(1.26 to 4.17) | 1.99*(1.11 to 3.57) | 3.55*(2.11 to 5.97) | <0.001 | 1.35*(1.22 to 1.51) | <0.001 | |
| Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted and WCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) |
1.26 (0.60 to 2.64) |
2.34* (1.28 to 4.26) |
2.07* (1.15 to 3.72) |
3.83* (2.26 to 6.49) |
<0.001 | 1.39* (1.24 to 1.55) |
<0.001 | |
| Cerebral infarction | |||||||||
| No of patients | 2879 | 1823 | 277 | 281 | 271 | 227 | |||
| No of deaths | 261 | 109 | 25 | 34 | 43 | 50 | |||
| Inhospital mortality (%) | 9.1 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 12.1 | 15.9 | 22.0 | <0.001 | ||
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) | 1.15 (0.74to 1.78) | 1.73*(1.18 to 2.55) | 2.04*(1.43 to 2.91) | 3.02*(2.15 to 4.22) | <0.001 | 1.28*(1.19 to 1.37) | <0.001 | |
| Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted and WCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) |
1.07 (0.69 to 1.66) |
1.59 (1.08 to 2.34) |
1.63 (1.12 to 2.36) |
2.20* (1.53 to 3.17) |
<0.001 | 1.20* (1.11 to 1.29) |
<0.001 | |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | |||||||||
| No of patients | 1989 | 1428 | 167 | 153 | 137 | 104 | |||
| No of deaths | 338 | 201 | 39 | 32 | 29 | 37 | |||
| Inhospital mortality (%) | 17.0 | 14.1 | 23.4 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 35.6 | <0.001 | ||
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) | 1.60 (1.14 to 2.26) | 1.34 (0.92 to 1.95) | 1.33 (0.90 to 1.97) | 2.33*(1.64 to 3.32) | <0.001 | 1.14*(1.07 to 1.21) | <0.001 | |
| Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted and WCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) |
1.56 (1.10 to 2.20) |
1.32 (0.91 to 1.92) |
1.29 (0.87 to 1.92) |
2.05* (1.42 to 2.97) |
<0.001 | 1.12* (1.05 to 1.19) |
<0.001 | |
| Others | |||||||||
| No of patients | 4254 | 2708 | 391 | 391 | 373 | 391 | |||
| No of deaths | 320 | 160 | 37 | 28 | 39 | 56 | |||
| Inhospital mortality (%) | 7.5 | 5.9 | 9.5 | 7.2 | 10.5 | 14.3 | 0.002 | ||
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) | 1.41 (0.98 to 2.01) | 0.95 (0.63 to 1.42) | 1.28 (0.89 to 1.82) | 1.43 (1.05 to 1.95) | 0.032 | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.14) | 0.009 | |
| Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted and WCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref.) |
1.30 (0.91 to 1.86) |
0.74 (0.48 to 1.14) |
1.16 (0.85 to 1.61) |
1.03 (1.02 to 1.04) |
0.381 | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.10) |
0.223 | |
Cardiovascular disease: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related problems 10th revision (below ICD-10) Diseases of the circulatory system (I00–I99);
acute myocardial infarction: ICD-10 (I21–I24); heart failure: ICD-10 (I50); cerebral infarction: ICD-10 (I63); intracerebral haemorrhage: ICD-10 (I61).
*Statistically significant after applying a Bonferroni correction.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; WCC, white cell count.