Table 4.

Mean differences for the continuous outcomes: knowledge, decisional conflict and decisional confidence

Outcome	Study	Group	N	Mean (SD)	Difference, p value
Knowledge	Mathieu et al24*	Intervention	113	7.35 (1.84)	1.1, p<0.001
		Control	189	6.27 (1.85)
	Gummersbach et al20*	Intervention	161	5.49 (1.99)	0.26, p=0.26
		Control	168	5.23 (2.06)
	Hersch et al11†	Intervention	419	13.49 (4.36)	1.65, p<0.001
		Control	419	11.84 (3.74)
Decisional conflict	Eden et al25‡	Before	75	46.33 (27.04)	−38.0, p<0.001
		After	75	8.33 (15.58)
	Hersch et al11	Intervention	419	12.55 (17.60)	0.35, p=0.78
		Control	419	12.20 (18.90)
Decisional confidence	Eden et al25§	Before	75	79.67 (18.62)	16.16, p<0.001
		After	75	95.73 (6.86)
	Gummersbach et al20¶	Intervention	178	5.15 (1.36)	−0.37, p=0.017
		Control	182	5.52 (0.93)
	Hersch et al11**	Intervention	419	4.35 (0.74)	−0.18, p=0.0003
		Control	419	4.53 (0.67)

*Knowledge scored, range 0–10.

†Knowledge scored, range 0–22.

‡Decision conflict scale, range 0–100.

§Self-efficacy scale, range 0–100.

¶Confidence scale, range 0–6.

**Confidence scale, range 0–5 (mean of 3 subscales).